Motorcycle Handbook Essay

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE OPERATOR MANUAL In the District of Columbia, you must have a valid driver’s license with motorcycle (M) endorsement to operate a motorcycle. DC law refers to a motorcycle as a 2 or 3 wheeled motor vehicle that has one or more of the following characteristics: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Piston displacement of more than fifty (50) cubic centimeters Capable of traveling over 35 miles per hour on level ground More than one and one-half (1. 5) brake horsepower (S. A. E. rating) Wheels under 16 inches in diameter Manual transmission. Note: If your 2 or 3 wheeled motor vehicle has none of the above 5 characteristics, it falls under the definition of motorized bicycle and may be operated by a person holding a provisional operator’s permit or a driver’s license (provided the vehicle passes inspection, is registered, and is insured). You may obtain a motorcycle (M) endorsement on your DC driver’s license if you: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Are at least 18 years of age Have a valid DC driver’s license Pass the DC motorcycle knowledge test Pass the DC DMV motorcycle demonstration skills test or provide a motorcycle demonstration course certificate of completion approved by Maryland or Virginia. Service Locations To take the DC DMV motorcycle knowledge test, you may visit any DMV service center. You must obtain a DC motorcycle learner’s permit after passing the motorcycle knowledge test, if you are taking the DC DMV motorcycle demonstration skills test. To submit MD or VA Motorcycle Certificate of Completion, you must visit the Brentwood Road Test Facility to obtain your DC driver license with motorcycle (M) endorsement. To schedule a motorcycle demonstration skills test, you may schedule online or call (202) 727-5000. Rev. 07/2007 PREFACE Operating a motorcycle safely in traffic requires special skills and knowledge. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) has made this manual available to help novice motorcyclists reduce their risk of having a crash. The manual conveys essential safe riding information and has been designed for use in licensing programs. While designed for the novice, all motorcyclists can benefit from the information this manual contains. The original Motorcycle Operator Manual was developed by the National Public Services Research Institute (NPSRI) under contract to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and within the terms of a cooperative agreement between NHTSA and the MSF. The manual and related tests were used in a multi-year study of improved motorcycle operator licensing procedures, conducted by the California Department of Motor Vehicles under contract to NHTSA. These revisions reflect: †¢ The latest finding of motorcyclesafety research. In promoting improved licensing programs, the MSF works closely with state licensing agencies. The Foundation has helped more than half the states in the nation adopt the Motorcycle Operator Manual for use in their licensing systems. Improved licensing, along with high-quality motorcycle rider education and increased public awareness, has the potential to reduce crashes. Staff at the Foundation are available to assist state, private and governmental agencies in efforts to improve motorcycle safety. †¢ Expanded alcohol and drug information. †¢ Comments and guidance provided by the motorcycling, licensing and traffic safety communities. The purpose of this manual is to educate the reader to help avoid crashes while safely operating a motorcycle. For this edition, the MSF has updated and expanded the content of the original manual. Tim Buche President, Motorcycle Safety Foundation 2 Jenner Street, Suite 150 Irvine, CA 92618-3806 www. msf-usa. org CONTENTS WEAR THE RIGHT GEAR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..    4. Be a responsible rider. WEAR THE RIGHT GEAR When you ride, your gear is â€Å"right† if it protects you. In any crash, you have a far better chance of avoiding serious injury if you wear: †¢ An approved helmet. †¢ Face or eye protection. †¢ Protective clothing. Crashes can occur — particularly among untrained, beginning riders. And one out of every five motorcycle crashes results in head or neck injuries. Head injuries are just as severe as neck injuries — and far more common. Crash analyses show that head and neck injuries account for a majority of serious and fatal injuries to motorcyclists. Research also shows that, with few exceptions, head and neck injuries are reduced by properly wearing an approved helmet. Some riders don’t wear helmets because they think helmets will limit their view to the sides. Others wear helmets only on long trips or when riding at high speeds. Here are some facts to consider: WEAR THE RIGHT GEAR HELMET USE †¢ An approved helmet lets you see as far to the sides as necessary. A study of more than 900 motorcycle crashes, where 40% of the riders wore helmets, did not find even one case in which a helmet kept a rider from spotting danger. †¢ Most crashes happen on short trips (less than five miles long), just a few minutes after starting out. †¢ Most riders are riding slower than 30 mph when a crash occurs. At these speeds, helmets can cut both the number and the severity of head injuries by half. No matter what the speed, helmeted riders are three times more likely to survive head injuries than those not wearing helmets at the time of the crash. There are two primary types of helmets, providing two different levels of coverage: three-quarter and full face. Whichever style you choose, you can get the most protection by making sure that the helmet: HELMET SELECTION 4 HELMETS HELMET USE †¢ Meets U. S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and state standards. Helmets with a label from the Snell Memorial Foundation give you an added assurance of quality. †¢ Fits snugly, all the way around. †¢ Has no obvious defects such as cracks, loose padding or frayed straps. Whatever helmet you decide on, keep it securely fastened on your head when you ride. Otherwise, if you are involved in a crash, it’s likely to fly off your head before it gets a chance to protect you. A plastic shatter-resistant faceshield can help protect your whole face in a crash. It also protects you from wind, dust, dirt, rain, insects and pebbles thrown up from cars ahead. These problems are distracting and can be painful. If you have to deal with them, you can’t devote your full attention to the road. EYE AND FACE PROTECTION Goggles protect your eyes, though they won’t protect the rest of your face like a faceshield does. A windshield is not a substitute for a faceshield or goggles. Most windshields will not protect your eyes from the wind. Neither will eyeglasses or sunglasses. Glasses won’t keep your eyes from watering, and they might blow off when you turn your head while riding. To be effective, eye or faceshield protection must: †¢ Be free of scratches. †¢ Be resistant to penetration. †¢ Give a clear view to either side. †¢ Fasten securely, so it does not blow off. †¢ Permit air to pass through, to reduce fogging. †¢ Permit enough room for eyeglasses or sunglasses, if needed. Tinted eye protection should not be worn at night or any other time when little light is available. EYE AND FACE PROTECTION 5 The right clothing protects you in a collision. It also provides comfort, as well as protection from heat, cold, debris and hot and moving parts of the motorcycle. Jacket and pants should cover arms and legs completely. They should fit snugly enough to keep from flapping in the wind, yet loosely enough to move freely. Leather offers the most protection. Sturdy synthetic material provides a lot of protection as well. Wear a jacket even in warm weather to prevent dehydration. Many are designed to protect without getting you overheated, even on summer days. †¢ Boots or shoes should be high and sturdy enough to cover your ankles and give them support. Soles should be made of hard, durable, slip-resistant material. Keep heels short so they do not catch on rough surfaces. Tuck in laces so they won’t catch on your motorcycle.   Gloves allow a better grip and help protect your hands in a crash. Your gloves should be made of leather or similar durable material. In cold or wet weather, your clothes should keep you warm and dry, as well as protect you from injury. You cannot control a motorcycle well if you are numb. Riding for long periods in cold weather can cause severe chill and fatigue. A winter jacket should resist wind and fit snugly at the neck, wrists and waist. Good-quality rainsuits designed for motorcycle riding resist tearing apart or ballooning up at high speeds. 6 CLOTHING CLOTHING THE RIGHT MOTORCYCLE There are plenty of things on the highway that can cause you trouble. Your motorcycle should not be one of them. To make sure that your motorcycle won’t let you down: Read the owner’s manual first.   Start with the right motorcycle for you.   Be familiar with the motorcycle controls.   Check the motorcycle before every ride.   Keep it in safe riding condition between rides.   Avoid add-ons and modifications that make your motorcycle harder to handle. KNOW YOUR MOTORCYCLE First, make sure your motorcycle is right for you. It should â€Å"fit† you. Your feet should reach the ground while you are seated on the motorcycle. THE RIGHT MOTORCYCLE FOR YOU 1 A plastic shatter-resistant face shield: A. Is not necessary if you have a windshield. B. Only protects your eyes. C. Helps protect your whole face. D. Does not protect your face as well as goggles. Test Yourself Answer – page 40 At minimum, your street-legal motorcycle should have:   Front and rear brakes.   Turn signals.   Horn. Two mirrors. Headlight, taillight and brakelight. are licensed and know how to ride before allowing them out into traffic. No matter how experienced you may be, ride extra carefully on any motorcycle that’s new or unfamiliar to you. More than half of all crashes occur on motorcycles ridden by the operator for less than six months. KNOW YOUR MOTORCYCLE Borrowers and lenders of motorcycles, beware. Crashes are fairly common among beginning riders — especially in the first months of riding. Riding an unfamiliar motorcycle adds to the problem. If you borrow a motorcycle, get familiar with it in a controlled area. And if you lend your motorcycle to friends, make sure they MOTORCYCLE CONTROLS BORROWING AND LENDING Make sure you are completely familiar with the motorcycle before you take it out on the street. Be sure to review the owner’s manual. This is particularly important if you are riding a borrowed motorcycle. If you are going to use an unfamiliar motorcycle: GET FAMILIAR WITH THE MOTORCYCLE CONTROLS Light Switch (high/low) Turn-Signal Switch Ignition Key (varies) Choke (varies) Engine Cut-Off Switch Electric Start Button Horn Button Clutch Lever Speedometer & Odometer Throttle Front Brake Lever Tachometer (if equipped) Rear Brake Pedal Kick Starter (if equipped) Gear-Change Lever. Fuel Supply Valve (if equipped) 7   Make all the checks you would on your own motorcycle. Find out where everything is, particularly the turn signals, horn, headlight switch, fuel-supply valve and engine cut-off switch. Find and operate these items without having to look for them.   Know the gear pattern. Work the throttle, clutch and brakes a few times before you start riding. All controls react a little differently. Ride very cautiously and be aware of surroundings. Accelerate gently, take turns more slowly and leave extra room for stopping. A motorcycle needs more frequent attention than a car. A minor technical failure in a car seldom leads to anything more than an inconvenience for the driver. If something’s wrong with the motorcycle, you’ll want to find out about it before you get in traffic. Make a complete check of your motorcycle before every ride. Before mounting the motorcycle, make the following checks: Tires — Check the air pressure, general wear and tread. †¢ Fluids — Oil and fluid levels. At a minimum, check hydraulic fluids and coolants weekly. Look under the motorcycle for signs of an oil or gas leak.   Headlights and Taillight — Check them both. Test your switch to make sure both high and low beams are working.   Turn Signals — Turn on both right and left turn signals. Make sure all lights are working properly. CHECK YOUR MOTORCYCLE Brake Light — Try both brake controls, and make sure each one turns on the brake light. Once you have mounted the motorcycle, complete the following checks before starting out:   Clutch and Throttle — Make sure they work smoothly. The throttle should snap back when you let go. The clutch should feel tight and smooth. Mirrors — Clean and adjust both mirrors before starting. It’s difficult to ride with one hand while you try to adjust a mirror. Adjust each mirror so you can see the lane behind and as much as possible of the lane next to you. When properly adjusted, a mirror may show the edge of your arm or shoulder—but it’s the road behind and to the side that’s most important.   Brakes — Try the front and rear brake levers one at a time. Make sure each one feels firm and holds the motorcycle when the brake is fully applied.   Horn — Try the horn. Make sure it works. In addition to the checks you should make before every trip, check the following items at least once a week: Wheels, cables, fasteners and fluid levels. Follow your owner’s manual to get recommendations. 2 More than half of all crashes: A. Occur at speeds greater than 35 mph. B. Happen at night. C. Are caused by worn tires. D. Involve riders who have ridden their motorcycles less than six months. CHECK YOUR MOTORCYCLE Test Yourself Answer – page 40 8 â€Å"Accident† implies an unforeseen event that occurs without anyone’s fault or negligence. Most often in traffic, that is not the case. In fact, most people involved in a crash can usually claim some responsibility for what takes place. Consider a situation where someone decides to try to squeeze through an intersection on a yellow light turning red. Your light turns green. You pull into the intersection without checking for possible latecomers. That is all it takes for the two of you to tangle. It was the driver’s responsibility to stop. And it was your responsibility to look before pulling out. Neither of you held up your end of the deal. Just because someone else is the first to start the chain of events leading to a crash, it doesn’t leave any of us free of responsibility. As a rider you can’t be sure that other operators will see you or yield the right of way. To lessen your chances of a crash occurring: KNOW YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES   Be visible — wear proper clothing, use your headlight, ride in the best lane position to see and be seen.   Communicate your intentions — use the proper signals, brake light and lane position.   Maintain an adequate space cushion — following, being followed, lane sharing, passing and being passed. Scan your path of travel 12 seconds ahead.   Identify and separate multiple hazards. Be prepared to act — remain alert and know how to carry out proper crash-avoidance skills. Blame doesn’t matter when someone is injured in a crash. There is rarely a single cause of any crash. The ability to ride aware, make critical decisions and carry them out separates responsible riders from all the rest. Remember, it is up to you to keep from being the cause of, or an unprepared participant in, any crash. KNOW YOUR RESPONSIBILITIES 9 RIDE WITHIN YOUR ABILITIES This manual cannot teach you how to control direction, speed or balance. That’s something you can learn only through practice. But control begins with knowing your abilities and riding within them, along with knowing and obeying the rules of the road. ASIC VEHICLE CONTROL To control a motorcycle well:   Posture — Sit so you can use your arms to steer the motorcycle rather than to hold yourself up.   Seat — Sit far enough forward so that arms are slightly bent when you hold the handlegrips. Bending your arms permits you to press on the handlebars without having to stretch.   Hands — Hold the handlegrips firmly to keep your grip over rough surfaces. Start with your right wrist flat. This will help you keep from accidentally using HOLDING HANDLEGRIPS RIGHT BODY POSITION BODY POSITION too much throttle. Also, adjust the handlebars so your hands are even with or below your elbows. This permits you to use the proper muscles for precision steering.   Knees — Keep your knees against the gas tank to help you keep your balance as the motorcycle turns. Feet — Keep your feet firmly on the footrests to maintain balance. Don’t drag your feet. If your foot catches on something, you could be injured and it could affect your control of the motorcycle. Keep your feet near the controls so you can get to them fast if needed. Also, don’t let your toes point downward — they may get caught between the road and the footrests. There is more to shifting gears than simply getting the motorcycle to pick up speed smoothly. Learning to use the gears when downshifting, turning or starting on hills is important for safe motorcycle operation. Shift down through the gears with the clutch as you slow or stop. Remain in first gear while you are stopped so that you can move out quickly if you need to. SHIFTING GEARS SHIFTING GEARS WRONG 10 Make certain you are riding slowly enough when you shift into a lower gear. If not, the motorcycle will lurch, and the rear wheel may skid. When riding downhill or shifting into first gear you may need to use the brakes to slow enough before downshifting safely. Work toward a smooth, even clutch release, especially when downshifting. It is best to change gears before entering a turn. However, sometimes shifting while in the turn is necessary. If so, remember to do so smoothly. A sudden change in power to the rear wheel can cause a skid. Your motorcycle has two brakes: one each for the front and rear wheel. Use both of them at the same time. The front brake is more powerful and can provide at least three-quarters of your total stopping power. The front brake is safe to use if you use it properly. Remember: †¢ Use both brakes every time you slow or stop. Using both brakes for even â€Å"normal† stops will permit you to develop the proper habit or skill of using both brakes properly in an emergency. Squeeze the front brake and press down on the rear. Grabbing at the front brake or jamming down on the rear can cause the brakes to lock, resulting in control problems. †¢ If you know the technique, using both brakes in a turn is possible, although it should be done very carefully. When leaning the motorcycle some of the traction is used for cornering. Less traction is available for stopping. A skid can occur if you apply too much brake. Also, using the front brake incorrectly on a slippery surface may be hazardous. Use caution and squeeze the brake lever, never grab.   Some motorcycles have integrated braking systems that activate the front and rear brakes together when applying the rear brake pedal. (Consult the owner’s manual for a detailed explanation on the operation and effective use of these systems. ) Riders often try to take curves or turns too fast. When they can’t hold the turn, they end up crossing into another lane of traffic or going off the road. Or, they overreact and brake too hard, causing a skid and loss of control. Approach turns and curves with caution. Use four steps for better control: SLOW   LOOK PRESS   ROLL   SLOW — Reduce speed before the turn by closing the throttle and, if necessary, applying both brakes.   LOOK — Look through the turn to where you want to go. Turn just your head, not your shoulders, and keep your eyes level with the horizon.   PRESS — To turn, the motorcycle must lean. To lean the motorcycle, press on the handlegrip in the direction of the turn. Press left — lean left — go left. Press right — lean right — go right. Higher speeds and/or tighter turns require the motorcycle to lean more. BRAKING TURNING BRAKING TURNING 11 In normal turns, the rider and the motorcycle should lean together at the same angle. NORMAL TURNS ROLL — Roll on the throttle through the turn to stabilize the suspension. Maintain steady speed or accelerate gradually through the turn. This will help keep the motorcycle stable. 3 When riding, you should: A. Turn your head and shoulders to look through turns. B. Keep your arms straight. C. Keep your knees away from the gas tank. D. Turn just your head and eyes to look where you are going. Test Yourself LANE POSITIONS The best protection you can have is distance — a â€Å"cushion of space† — all around your motorcycle. If someone else makes a mistake, distance permits you: Time to react.   Space to maneuver. In some ways the size of the motorcycle can work to your advantage. Each traffic lane gives a motorcycle three paths of travel, as indicated in the illustration. Your lane position should: Increase your ability to see and be seen.   Avoid others’ blind spots.   Avoid surface hazards. Protect your lane from other drivers. Communicate your intentions.   Avoid wind blast from other vehicles.   Provide an escape route. Select the appropriate path to maximize your space cushion and make yourself more easily seen by others on the road. KEEPING YOUR DISTANCE Answer – page 40 LANE POSITIONS In slow tight turns, counterbalance by leaning the motorcycle only and keeping your body straight. SLOW, TIGHT TURNS 12 LANE POSITIONS In general, there is no single best position for riders to be seen and to maintain a space cushion around the motorcycle. No portion of the lane need be avoided — including the center. Position yourself in the portion of the lane where you are most likely to be seen and you can maintain a space cushion around you. Change position as traffic situations change. Ride in path 2 or 3 if vehicles and other potential problems are on your left only. Remain in path 1 or 2 if hazards are on your right only. If vehicles are being operated on both sides of you, the center of the lane, path 2, is usually your best option. The oily strip in the center portion that collects drippings from cars is usually no more than two feet wide. Unless the road is wet, the average center strip permits adequate traction to ride on safely. You can operate to the left or right of the grease strip and still be within the center portion of the traffic lane. Avoid riding on big buildups of oil and grease usually found at busy intersections or toll booths. â€Å"Following too closely† could be a factor in crashes involving motorcyclists. In traffic, motorcycles need as much distance to stop as cars. Normally, a minimum of two seconds distance should be maintained behind the vehicle ahead. To gauge your following distance:   Pick out a marker, such as a pavement marking or lamppost, on or near the road ahead.   When the rear bumper of the vehicle ahead passes the marker, count off the seconds: â€Å"onethousand-one, one-thousand-two. † If you reach the marker before you reach â€Å"two,† you are following too closely. A two-second following distance leaves a minimum amount of space to stop or swerve if the driver ahead stops suddenly. It also permits a better view of potholes and other hazards in the road. A larger cushion of space is needed if your motorcycle will take longer than normal to stop. If the FOLLOWING ANOTHER VEHICLE FOLLOWING 13 FOLLOWING pavement is slippery, if you cannot see through the vehicle ahead, or if traffic is heavy and someone may squeeze in front of you, open up a three-second or more following distance. Keep well behind the vehicle ahead even when you are stopped. This will make it easier to get out of the way if someone bears down on you from behind. It will also give you a cushion of space if the vehicle ahead starts to back up for some reason. When behind a car, ride where the driver can see you in the rearview mirror. Riding in the center portion of the lane should put your image in the middle of the rearview mirror — where a driver is most likely to see you. Riding at the far side of a lane may permit a driver to see you in a sideview mirror. But remember that most drivers don’t look at their sideview mirrors nearly as often as they check the rearview mirror. If the traffic situation allows, the center portion of the lane is usually the best place for you to be seen by the 14 BEING FOLLOWED drivers ahead and to prevent lane sharing by others. Speeding up to lose someone following too closely only ends up with someone tailgating you at a higher speed. A better way to handle tailgaters is to get them in front of you. When someone is following too closely, change lanes and let them pass. If you can’t do this, slow down and open up extra space ahead of you to allow room for both you and the tailgater to stop. This will also encourage them to pass. If they don’t pass, you will have given yourself and the tailgater more time and space to react in case an emergency does develop ahead. Passing and being passed by another vehicle is not much different than with a car. However, visibility is more critical. Be sure other drivers see you, and that you see potential hazards. BEING FOLLOWED PASSING AND BEING PASSED PASSING 1. Ride in the left portion of the lane at a safe following distance to increase your line of sight and make you more visible. Signal and check for oncoming traffic. Use your mirrors and turn your head to look for traffic behind. 2. When safe, move into the left lane and accelerate. Select a lane position that doesn’t crowd the car you are passing and provides space to avoid hazards in your lane. 3. Ride through the blind spot as quickly as possible. 4. Signal again, and complete mirror and headchecks before returning to your original lane and then cancel the signal. Remember, passes must be completed within posted speed limits, and only where permitted. Know your signs and road markings! stay in the center portion of your lane. Riding any closer to them could put you in a hazardous situation. Avoid being hit by:   The other vehicle — A slight mistake by you or the passing driver could cause a sideswipe.   Extended mirrors — Some drivers forget that their mirrors hang out farther than their fenders. Objects thrown from windows — Even if the driver knows you’re there, a passenger may not see you and might toss something on you or the road ahead of you.   Blasts of wind from larger vehicles — They can affect your control. You have more room for error if you are in the middle portion when hit by this blast than if you are on either side of the lane. PASSING BEING PASSED When you are being passed from behind or by an oncoming vehicle, PASSING BEING PASSED Do not move into the portion of the lane farthest from the passing vehicle. It might invite the other driver to cut back into your lane too early. BEING PASSED 15 LANE SHARING Cars and motorcycles need a full lane to operate safely. Lane sharing is usually prohibited. Riding between rows of stopped or moving cars in the same lane can leave you vulnerable to the unexpected. A hand could come out of a window; a door could open; a car could turn suddenly. Discourage lane sharing by others. Keep a centerportion position whenever drivers might be tempted to squeeze by you. Drivers are most tempted to do this:   In heavy, bumper-to-bumper traffic.   When they want to pass you.   When you are preparing to turn at an intersection.   When you are moving into an exit lane or leaving a highway. Drivers on an entrance ramp may not see you on the highway. Give them plenty of room. Change to MERGING LANE SHARING another lane if one is open. If there is no room for a lane change, adjust speed to open up space for the merging driver. Do not ride next to cars or trucks in other lanes if you do not have to. You might be in the blind spot of a car in the next lane, which could switch into your lane without warning. Cars in the next lane also block your escape if you come upon danger in your own lane. Speed up or drop back to find a place clear of traffic on both sides. BLIND SPOTS CARS ALONGSIDE MERGING CARS 4 Usually, a good way to handle tailgaters is to: A. Change lanes and let them pass. B. Use your horn and make obscene gestures. C. Speed up to put distance between you and the tailgater. D. Ignore them. Test Yourself Answer – page 40 16 Good experienced riders remain aware of what is going on around them.

World and Tone

Tone and point of view are both literary concepts, which provide the reader with an understanding of the author’s meaning of a story. Tone represents the writer’s attitude toward the material, the readers or both. Tone can be angry, ironic, serious, depressed, etc. Through the use of tone, the reader can understand the personality of the narrator. Point of view is the perspective from which the story is told.Point of view can be represented in first person, omniscient narrator, camera’s eye point of view and objective point of view, these are only a few types of point of view. Once the reader understands these concepts, he can understand the author’s intent and meaning. In the story, â€Å"There Will come Soft Rains,† the point of view is third person omniscient. This means the reader sees the story not through the character’s eyes, but through all of the views. The tone is ominous, fateful, and ironic.It’s ironic, because Ray Bradbury depicts the story through many adjectives, as well as personification. â€Å"An aluminum wedge scraped them into the sink, where hot water whirled them down a metal throat which digested and flushed them away to the distant sea,† (Bradbury). For example, Bradbury describes a perfect house, but then the reader finds out everyone is dead. â€Å"The morning house lay empty,†(Bradbury). â€Å"The house stood alone in a city of rubble and ashes. This was the one house left standing. At night the ruined city gave off a radioactive glow which could be seen for miles,†(Bradbury).Bradbury uses the point of view and tone together to describe the irony in this story. Julio Cortazar’s story, â€Å"House Taken Over,† has the point of view of first person limited, which allows the reader to see from one person’s specific point of view. The tone is flat, resigned, and very detached. The point Cortazar was trying to get across was that the modern world tod ay, may become like this house. Our world could be taken over, and we wouldn’t even care. â€Å" ‘In that case,’ she said, picking up her knitting again, ‘we’ll have to live on this side. I sipped at the mate very carefully, but she took her time starting her work again. I remember it was a gray vest she was knitting. I liked that vest,† (Cortazar). Once their house is taken over, they just move on barely acknowledging it. In our world, this could be like our democracy taking over, and we do nothing about it. Because Cortazar used first person, the reader only sees the world and the story as the character sees it. The detached tone and first person point of view presents a somewhat alienated and self-consumed character.The tone and point of view work together in this story to predict a possible future where we will become detached from our own world. In the story, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† Ernest Hemingway uses a camera’ s eye point of view. This point of view causes the reader to feel detached from the story, and the reader must make inferences about what is going on. The tone is detached and worldly. A camera’s eye point of view doesn’t put the reader â€Å"in the story† and often makes it difficult to comprehend what is happening. â€Å" ‘It’s really an awfully simple operation, Jig,’ the man said. It’s not really an operation at all,’ â€Å"(Hemmingway). Hemmingway uses a worldly tone in conjunction with a camera’s eye point of view because it may be too complicated to understand for the reader, even though it’s an interesting story. In conclusion, the previous examples represent how tone and point of view can play an important role in the story. Without tone and point of view, a story could not come to life for a reader. In that way, the two depend on each other. They work together to create an environment for the readerâ₠¬â„¢s imagination.

Eurozone crisis roars back to savage Spain Article Analysis Essay

Eurozone crisis roars back to savage Spain Article Analysis - Essay Example Spain is considered one of the most important economies of the world. Considering this importance of the Spanish economy, several economies of the Eurozone as well as of the world have expressed concerns regarding the effects this economic trouble this will create throughout the world. These factors will be discussed in this assignment in detail later and economic theories will be presented to analyze if the Spanish government has been right in implementing its policies or not. The article which will be discussed in this assignment is regarding the economic crisis which Spain is facing and the troubles that lie ahead for Spain in the foreseeable future. The article was written by Liam Halligan who is the chief economist at the Prosperity Capital Management, and this article was published in the Daily Telegraph. Spain as mentioned above has long been considered one of the world’s most important economies with its great potential in real estate and investments from foreign companies. Spain is the fourth largest economy in the Eurozone and the world’s twelfth biggest economy. This has actually raised more fears that if such a huge economy goes bust, then to what extent will it negatively affect the European and worldwide economies. The Spain crisis started in 2008 when the worldwide and European recession arose and the debt crisis began to take dominance. All of a sudden, the unemployment rates increased drastically and the burden fell on the people as well as the government because it had much lower tax revenues and a lot of social benefits to distribute in addition to the repayment of debts which were previously borrowed in the early 2000’s. ... In the early 2000’s, the Spanish economy went through a boom in real estate and this triggered a huge amount of private borrowing from European Central Banks (ECB). At that point, no one had predicted that the year 2008 will prove to be a disaster for most of the European economies. When the Eurozone crisis struck, the banks and financial institutions started to demand their money back due to funds shortage. Also several economies who had lend the money to Spain asked for servicing its debts due to the fact that they needed money to counter the recession. At this point, the prices of property began to fall due to the recession and the borrowers were finding it harder to service the debts because the investments for which they had borrowed money were turning out to be bad investments. Today, the private sector debt in Spain is around 300 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is considered extremely high. Figure 1: Spain government Debt to GDP Ratio (Trading Economic s) The Figure 1 above shows that the Spanish government debt to GDP ratio stands at 60% which is high for a country whose private sector is leveraged with debt to an astonishing figure of 300 percent. With Spain being indebted to other economies, mostly European, to such an extent, the time was fast approaching when it had to repay its debt gradually year by year. When the time of servicing the debts came, it had to borrow more money from other sources so that it could repay the previously borrowed money. With the Spanish economy already so highly leveraged, the European Central Bank and financial institutions were reluctant to give them the money. With this reluctance, the

How significant a role did Ideology play in the formation of Soviet Essay

How significant a role did Ideology play in the formation of Soviet foreign policy - Essay Example The paper tells that Soviet analysts have held that the central characteristic of Soviet foreign policy was established through Lenin’s Decree on Peace that was approved in November 1917 by the Second Congress of Soviets. It set forth the two fold objectives of Soviet foreign policy that encompassed both peaceful coexistence and proletarian globalism. On the one side, proletarian globalism is understood as the normal basis for the working classes of all nations that struggled to bring down the bourgeoisie and to introduce communist governments. On the other hand, peaceful coexistence referred to adopting procedures to establish comparatively passive inter government relationships with capitalist nations. Both these policies could be pursued together because Soviet policy makers believed that peaceful coexistence assumes that there will be strong resistance to imperialist aggressions. It also presupposed the backing for people protecting their radical achievements or fighting e xternal oppressions. Under Lenin, the policy of the Soviet Union can be defined as involving both pragmatism and ideology, which was a part of the dialectical process. Marxist ideology provided a strong basis for the Bolsheviks to act against the material conditions faced by them. Marxism Leninism pertained to the idea of contextualizing Soviet actions relative to the material circumstances that confronted the Bolsheviks and the proletariat during this period. The initial foreign policy decisions taken by the Bolsheviks were about the issue of how the Great War was to be approached. Eventually, the Bolshevik government made a decision to end the involvement of the Tsar with the central powers by accepting the peace terms dictated by Germany. Consequently, the Bolsheviks lost control of several regions that were under Russian control such as Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, which implied the loss of vast areas as well as more than a population of 50 million people, inc luding coal mining, iron production and significant parts of the rail networks. Accepting such severe terms can be understood as a practical approach towards foreign policy because the Soviets wanted to have the best possible bargain under the given circumstances (Goldgejer, 1994). During this time, there were divisions in terms of the relationship between pragmatism and ideology amongst Lenin, Trotsky and Bukharin. Lenin felt that the decisions taken were in keeping with the Soviet ideology and Trotsky held that if there was no war, peace could not be established, which meant that a cease fire had to be called for without getting involved in the signing of peace treaties. Bukharin believed that there should be a revolutionary war because he wanted that Russia should continue with the war, which would allow Russia to get support from the Germans who in turn would stop assisting the war initiatives against the Bolsheviks. In this context, communist ideology indicates that Bukharinâ⠂¬â„¢s sense of communists was the actual understanding of Marxism because of the element of internationalism (Hoffman et al., 1981). Foreign policy of the Soviet Union is often held responsible with compromising on ideology relative to the need for integrating into the global political identity, which was primarily for economic motives. Soviet pragmatism aimed at gaining trade rights by providing capitalist nations with access to the country’s natural resources (Kull, 1992). This policy was driven by

Thinking Critically Simulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thinking Critically Simulation - Essay Example Notwithstanding the Faith Community Hospital has a number of different problems we systematize them by subdividing in four units: Critical Thinking Case Study Analysis is made in order to solve all this problems by analyzing and evaluating alternatives, making right decisions and recommending a plan for decisions implementation. There is no doubt that good decision making is an essential skill for business success generally, and effective leadership particularly. As you know "decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives that produces a final choice called a decision that can be represented as an action or an opinion2". It is evidently that the decision making is a complex and many-sided process. That is why aiming to fine a write decision it is very important to take into account and use certain critical thinking components. On making Critical Thinking Case Study Analysis we based on decision making steps using decision making worksheet and problem solving tools and techniques. After identifying each problem we analyzed it following the steps: With the aim to evaluate the proposed alt... After identifying each problem we analyzed it following the steps: Definition of objectives; Addressing problems effects; Addressing problems causes; Framing the alternatives; Evaluating the impacts of the alternatives; Making decision; Implementing decision proposing the appropriate plan; Measuring the impacts of the decision. Using the decision making worksheet was very efficient as it gave an opportunity to observe the entire problem image and to conduct a full-scale research. With the aim to evaluate the proposed alternatives for the Faith Community Hospital problem salvation we used elements of certain technique called Force Field Analysis, a technique developed by Kurt Lewin, - a 20th century social scientist - as a tool for analyzing forces opposed to change. It should be mentioned that "qualitative change will always be opposed by restraining forces that are either too comfortable with the status quo or are afraid of the unknown. In a competitive global market where constant innovation and continuous improvement are the driving forces that keep businesses running, identifying those forces in order to assess the risks involved and to better weight the effectiveness of potential changes becomes an imperative"3. Using this technique helped us to make the best decisions possible with the information you have available and to choose the best course of action to take. The major key points in the simulation that should be emphasized are as follows: The question of vital importance for the Faith Community Hospital is working out a new mission statement that will result an effective implementation of new Faith Community Hospital policy and increasing

How the Impact of Culture Affects Ethical and Moral Communications Research Paper

How the Impact of Culture Affects Ethical and Moral Communications - Research Paper Example The basic process of communication has many barriers that impact its effectiveness and cultural is one of the elements of â€Å"noise† that can distort the understanding and interpretation of the message (John). Cultural differences in understanding, as well as message delivery, can become barriers to effective communication. And these differences have become more profound by the proliferation of mass media and social media promoted through the increasing use of the internet (Lauring). The impact of culture on meaningful business and inter-organizational communication is dependent upon the nature of cultural context, a theory proposed by Edward Hall. Based on his findings, people in organizations rely on other sensory and behavioral cues in sending, receiving and interpreting messages. The filters are socially constructed and so are these sensory cues thus each individual’s communication process is greatly influenced by the norms and value of his cultural context (Chita kornkijsil). In high context cultures, such as Chinese, Korean and Indian, people rely less on verbal cues and more on nonverbal elements like voice, facial expressions, tone and the implied meaning of the message rather than the literal meaning. In low context cultures including the American, Australian and the English cultures, on the other hand, the sender and receiver are more oriented towards the direct and literal meaning of the messages implied (Karin). Likewise in individualist cultures place more importance on personal goals rather than group interests in communication. On the other hand, the collectivist cultures induce people to think of themselves an extended part of the organization thus making inter-organizational communication more effective (Caroline). Hence, culture has the tendency to impact the moral and ethical dimensions of communication in a business as well as a social setting, this is because of the cognitive constraints which pertain to the different framing of the same idea and differing value systems. Secondly, there exist behavioral constraints in terms of the everyday behavioral practices including standards of proximity, eye contact, shaking hands etc. for example, in America culture, it is against the social etiquette to not look the other person in the eye while speaking to him while in Asian cultures, looking in the eye can mean disrespect. Likewise, while in American culture, greeting someone with a smile is again a social etiquette; in Germany, this can send a flirtatious sign to the opposite gender. Thirdly, the emotional constraints hinder and can impact the social and moral dimensions of communication. For example, in Japanese culture, silence is an integral part of work ethics, in Asian cultures silence is taken to be affirmation irrespective of the actual state of mind of the person whereas the American managers are more talkative and consider talking imperative to convey the right messages to their subordinates and co-w orkers (Sunita).

Program Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Program Planning - Assignment Example Most single parents are as a result of teenagers who bore children at an early age of below 20years and it is evident that such infants may suffer as compared to those borne by women of a higher age of around 30 years (Baldwin et al., 2009). Teenagers are not yet ready to commit to bearing their children and raising them in the best way since they have some other pleasures of life to enjoy. It is during this time that they would want to practice some vices being done by their fellow youths e.g. smoking and alcohol intake which affect the babies they are carrying. In fact some teenagers who get pregnant do not attend prenatal care because they would not like it to be known by their parents and friends that they are pregnant. Therefore, in efforts to boost the health of infants born year by year, the community health activist should enforce campaigns to reduce teenage births (Baldwin et al., 2009). Child bearing past the teenage is essential because the prospective mothers will have completed school and will know the importance of attending prenatal clinics even before planning to get pregnant. Such parents will also have no fear of it being known that they are pregnant since most of them will be legally married and working hence no financial constraints. This can reduce the cost incurred by taxpayers in US who raise around 7 billion dollars per year to support malnourished infants. Since teenage births lead to birth of children in marriages that mostly end up in divorce, its discouragement will enhance only married or mature people giving birth hence such infants will not suffer psychological torture. The reason as to why there are large numbers of infants born of poor health hence dying is because most of them are raised by single parents who probably bore them in their teen age. Such parents may have avoided attending antenatal health services that educate people on maintaining good health for the good of both

Premium Beer Customer Segment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Premium Beer Customer Segment - Essay Example This segment straddled two of the Maslow’s hierarchies, social recognition and esteem needs because they are highly motivated by ego of social recognitions and esteem life style. They have an attitude on sophistication and looking good and represent themselves as one of the boys who are recognised in the society as a rich and having prestigious lifestyle. When drinking beer PPs prefer full strength beer which fulfil their need for masculine appeal and also preferred test. Foster identified this segment as their target customer for Pure Blonde brand but the misconception of â€Å"one of the boys† attitude of Premium Peter could have cannibalize its leading brand Crown. So, the company refined this segment and positioned Pure Blonde as a â€Å"low carbohydrate premium beer with full strength and test† in the Premium Peter segment. Thus the brand got a competitive advantage from other premium beer brands of its competitors who also targeted the PPSs. The customers o f Premium Peter segment realised that Pure Blonde has an extra benefit of low carbohydrate as well as it also satisfy their needs like full strength beer with test. ... This effective discussion was not possible if the product was offered in glass in the premises. So the company made this available only in bottles. Therefore, the word of mouth started spreading as Foster had created a beer that meets all the needs of Premium Peter. Thus, the full strength taste and the low carbohydrate parameters have strengthen the current competitive advantage of Pure Blonde. So, the advantage of low carbohydrate was that it differentiated the product by a health positive benefit which other premium beer brands did not have. This unique benefit w2as the key reason of attraction of the premium beer segment towards the brand as the target segment were becoming health conscious. The disadvantage is that it could not take the attention of the Premium Larrikin segment of customers who are demographically included in the Premium Peter but having carefree attitude and enjoy the test too much that conscious about health. Answer 2 After facing a huge competition in the yea r 2010, Foster realised that they need to include women in their target customer rather refining the men demography. So, the company realised that there is a steadily unnoticed growing segment of women who have started enjoying beer recently. This particular segment of women has started enjoying lighter beer qualities of Pure Blonde because of two reasons. Firstly, this segment of women previously highly focused on the vodka, premix cocktail drinks as a hard drinks and lime and soda as premium drinks. Recently they are shifting to the premium beer. Secondly, females are more health conscious especially about the concern about body weight. As, low carbohydrate

Phonetic exercises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phonetic exercises - Essay Example Phonetic exercises This course has given me a good understanding of the processes involved in articulation, articulation points and the manner of articulation. This knowledge will prove handy in helping students with pronunciation difficulties especially those taking English as a second language and for whom, their first language structure is markedly different in structure fromthat of the English language e. g in the pronunciation of consonants. Sounds are the building blocks of language. A good understanding of sounds contribute to better spelling, flowing speech, and good reading skills and better comprehension. I have learned that in English there are many ways in which to spell the same sound. Therefore in oral tests, the manner in which a student perceives sound determines how he/ she spells it. Different words have different sounds and meaning attached to them and so sounds give melody to language. The right intonation of sounds can convey a host of human feelings such as empathy, anger. Sounds can show confidence or certainty of our words. This course has helped me a appreciate the two fold meaning that sound can bring into one sentence through the use of word stress and sentence intonations to alter meaning. Constructing exercises for learners of English as a second language is now easier because of the emphasis I have learned that phonetics play on the meaning and the message sentences carry. I can also comfortably test the oral capability of my students from my knowledge of how words are constructed and how the vocal apparatus achieves this.

Movie Science Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Movie Science Paper - Essay Example The characters used their powers to help people and save the universe from destruction from evil people, especially one character, Victor Von Doom, who was once their friend, but turned evil. The film uses scientific terms and instruments that helps to understand the activities of the film. Some of the instruments used include the rocket ship, space suits, and space station. The film also includes scientists, astronauts and superheroes and uses scientific equipment that are technologically advanced. The activities of the film are centered in one place namely the Baxter building. The scientists converge here, and all the research and laboratory tests happen in this place. The building gives them a common place where all activities take place, and the characters give their ideas on different researches and tests that are conducted. One of the laboratory experiments conducted was aimed at restoring Ben’s body to its human form. This was because his change caused his fiancà © to leave him, and he feared and shunned by the residents of New York. The film also uses characters who are knowledgeable about science. These characters help in the operations that take place in the Baxter building. These characters identify when something is wrong and have the ability to solve any problems that may arise. They also help to guide supernatural characters in their activities of saving the

Socialization and Criminal Behavior Essay Example for Free

Socialization and Criminal Behavior Essay He was attractive, smart, and had a future in politics. He was also one of the most prolific serial killers in U. S. history. Ted Bundy screamed his innocence until his death in the electric chair became imminent, then he tried to use his victims one more time to keep himself alive. His plan failed and the world got a glimpse of the true evil inside him. Theodore Robert Cowell was born on November 24, 1946 in the Elizabeth Lund Home for Unwed Mothers in Vermont. Ted’s biological father was an Air Force veteran, and was unknown to his son his whole life. His mother was Lousie Cowell. After she had her birth with him, they has moved back to Ted’s grandparents in Philadelphia. While growing up there, his was taught that his mother was actually his sister, and that his grandparents were his parents. They did this in order to protect his mother from harsh criticism and prejudice of being an unwed mother, At the age of four, him and his mother moved to Tacoma, Washington, with some relatives. It was there where his mother had fallen in love with a military cook named Johnnie Culpepper Bundy, In May 1951, his mother married the cook, and Ted had then assumed his stepfather’s last name, and had gotten the name Ted Bundy. During the marriage, they had more children, and Ted found himself babysitting many days after school. In school, he was terrible shy and uncomfortable in many social situations. He was often the one teased in school or made the head butt of the jokes and pranks. Author Stephen Michaud analyzed his behavior and decided that â€Å"he was not like the other children. Despite his parental circumstances and meager surroundings Bundy was well behaved and grew into an attractive teen who was generally liked and who performed well in school. Throughout his years at high school After high school he entered the University of Puget Sound and continued to do well academically, but felt uncomfortable around his fellow peers who were predominantly wealthy. In his sophomore year Bundy transferred to the University of Washington to escape the uncomfortable feeling of his financial inadequacy.

Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation Essay Example for Free

Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation Essay A new social media initiative helped to boost organ donor registration rates, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation. The findings suggest that social media might be an effective tool for tackling a variety of problems related to public health in which communication and education are essential. It suggests that social media and social networks may be valuable tools in re-approaching refractory public health problems. (Cameron, A. M. et al. , 2013). Attitudes towards tissue and organ donation have been frequently investigated. Studies, mostly conducted in the United States and Western Europe, have shown that people generally hold positive attitudes towards tissue and organ donation, but only a small percentage of the population really decides to donate them. Many non-donors still hold favorable attitudes towards donor behavior and realize the need for transplants but lack to act upon those attitudes and knowledge. In such situations, a person’s behavior can be influenced by promotion through persuasive messages. A multidimensional conceptualization of donor attitudes was proposed, implying that attitudes towards donation are best represented by two dimensions: one referring to positive aspects and the other to negative consequences of donation. Positive emotions concerning organ donation mostly arise from feeling of pride in being a donor and from the belief in the humanitarian benefits of organ donation, whereas the negative dimension reflects fears of body mutilation and of receiving inadequate medical treatment when ones life is at risk. Parisi Katz, 1986). Concerning organ donation appeals was found that the most effective measure for increasing donation rates was informational message, followed by emotional message, and a message addressing fear. (McIntyre, P. et al. , 1987). Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment modality for patients with end-stage organ disease. There is an inadequate supply of cadaver organs commensurate with need. Health-care professionals are the critical link in augmenting public awareness about organ donation. Their attitudes and beliefs can influence the public opinion. Another study aims at understanding the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs among the medical postgraduate students. There was a statistically significant correlation between attitudes, beliefs and demographics (Bapat, Kedlaya, Gokulnath, 2010). Suggestions are offered to improve measurement strategy and to guide theoretically based organ donation research within selected disciplines of psychology (Radecki Jaccard, 1997). New strategies are needed to encourage organ donation. Altruism, the impulse that underlies our present system, is undermined by proposals that provide tangible inducements to improve donation which are, in their own subtle ways, coercive (Landry, 2006). Introduction Although the problem of shortage of tissue and organs in Romania has been acknowledged and approached in various ways, no proper methodical research in donor behavior has been done or systematic effort to promote such behavior and increase the number of donors. The main aims of research might be 1) to assess attitudes, knowledge, and intentions regarding donor behavior; 2) to assess the attitudes of health professionals towards tissue and organ donation, as well as their intentions to ask people about donations; 3) to develop two separate persuasive flyiers, one designed especially for the community sample to promote donor behavior, and the other one designed for health professionals to improve their willingness to ask people to donate; and 4) to test the persuasive value and efficiency of the flyiers in inducing and increasing donor behavior. Methods The study may be carried out in two parts. In Study 1, we assess attitudes, knowledge, and intentions about tissue and organ donation of 200 randomly chosen persons from the population of the capital of Bucharest, Romania, as well as of 100 health professionals in different hospitals in Bucharest. We also assess the willingness of health care professionals to ask their patients whether they may be willing to donate their tissue and/or organs. On the basis of attitude and knowledge analyses, two types of tissue and organ donation promotional flyiers are developed: one intended for the community sample and the other for health professionals. The Study 2, may be performed a year later, the leaflets are presented to another group of 100 persons from Bucharest population and 50 health professionals. We compare attitudes, knowledge, and intentions of community sample and health professionals presented with leaflets vs those not presented with leaflets, and assess the persuasive power of the two types of promotional material developed. Hypothesis The community sample presented with the leaflet in Study 2 may show significantly more positive attitudes towards organ donation when compared with the group not presented with a leaflet in Study 1. For health professionals, the Study 2 group presented with a leaflet might show a tendency toward less positive attitudes but significantly more positive intention than those in Study 1 not presented with a leaflet to donate organs. Discussion Presentation of flyiers succeeded in producing a tendency toward more positive attitudes and intentions toward tissue and organ donation. Still, a single presentation is clearly insufficient to produce significant change in all variables attitudes, knowledge, and intentions. The presentation of persuasive flyiers could be successful in improving the attitudes towards tissue and organ donation and increasing the willingness to donate. Obviously, a single presentation of the persuasive material may not be enough to make significant improvement in attitudes or intention to donate. Longerterm promotional interventions should be investigated as a potentially efficient method for increasing donor behavior.

Effect of Alzheimer’s on the Family

Effect of Alzheimer’s on the Family Alzheimer’s: the effect on the family Introduction Alzheimer is a medical problem that can also be termed as a type of dementia. A patient who suffers from Alzheimer experiences problems in regard to his memory, thinking process, and behavior. This disease can be defined as a medical problem that is irreversible, and damages the brain gradually. It starts destroying the memory of a person and then eventually the patient starts experiencing problems in carrying out the activities related to his or her daily life. This is a problem that is caused especially in older people, the ones, who have crossed the age of 60. As mentioned above, this is one of the most common types of dementia that is caused in older people. Researchers have been working on the Alzheimer since 1906, when a doctor first examined the case of a woman who was thought to be dead due to some sort of mental illness. The common symptoms that were witnessed by the doctor in that lady included the problems related to memory loss, psychological and mental behavioral problems, problem in speaking and understanding what other people are saying, etc. after the death of this female patient, the doctors examined her brain and found that there were a lot of abnormal amyloidal clumps in her brain. Apart from this, a lot of entangled fibers were also found in the brain of this lady during examination. (Casado, 2012) These two findings, i.e. the plaque as well as the tangles are considered to be the two main features that help in providing the description of the Alzheimer’s disease. Apart from this, the third factor that proved to be responsible for causing Alzheimer in the patient was the loss of contact between the neurons with each other in some or all the parts of the brain. It has been seen that with the help of proper medication, the doctors have been successful in treating and controlling the symptoms of the Alzheimer. But till date there has been no cure that is discovered for treating the Alzheimer disease in a perfect manner. The working of the brain under the influence of Alzheimer disease Not many researches have proved to be successful in determining the exact details about the Alzheimer disease. The questions like how and when the process or Alzheimer begins in the brain is not known. It is generally believed that the symptoms are visible in the patients much later when the disease starts damaging the brain. The patients do not exibit the symptoms in this stage but there are a lot of toxic changes related to this disease that start taking place in the brain. The brain starts depositing a lot of protein in the brain and this protein eventually starts forming clots and tangles of fibers in the brain. When this quantity increases, it starts affecting the working of the neurons. This is exactly the situation when the neurons start dying and the signs of Alzheimer are visible in the patients. (Feldman, 2013) The first place or part of the brain that gets affected by this entire process is known as hippocampus. This is that part of the brain that plays vital role in forming the memories in the brain. This region of the brain starts shrinking as soon as the neurons start dying. It is very difficult to identify Alzheimer in the initial stages. And eventually, when the patient goes and consults a doctor regarding his problems, it often gets too late. (Lim, 2011) Statistics related to the Alzheimer Talking in context to the United States, there are more than 5 million people who are known are the patients suffering from Alzheimer. Most of these people are in the age group of 65 and above. Since there is no exact and effective treatment for this disease, it is difficult to put a brake on the rising number of the patients. There are three stages that occur in Alzheimer, namely a preclinical stage, a mild cognitive stage and the final stage. This is not those types of disease which may cause death to the patients. But because it is caused in people with older age, Alzheimer mixes with other diseases and then may cause death in some years. Living with the Alzheimer- the effect on the family Since this medical problem and the number of patients suffering from it are constantly increasing, you may also witness that some person in your family supports from this problem. It is important to understand here that you are not the only one whose dear one is suffering from this problem. A lot of old people these days suffer from this medical problem. A lot of care and precautions need to be taken in order to help the patient live a proper life when he or she suffers from Alzheimer. Along with the patient, it is the patients family as well that has to deal with a lot of stress on a daily basis. It is not only the patient itself who lives with the Alzheimer disease, but it is his or her family members as well. (Elliott, 2010) The family of the patients suffering from Alzheimer disease needs to be very supportive towards the patient. Most of the people, who suffer from this disease, are not able to handle or manage the tasks that need to be done on a regular basis. they need to mandatorily seek help from others in walking, sitting, standing, etc. since you are the care givers for the patient, it is important that you take care of all the unique needs of the patient. Some of the general tips that may prove to be helpful for you in the case you have to take care of patient suffering from Alzheimer disease are mentioned below- Set up a routine for the patient and make sure it is seriously followed Make sure that you help him do his works. Don’t just treat him as a person who cannot do anything on his own. Since the patient stays confused and feels weak all the time, taking care of his or her dietary habits is very important (Thies, 2013) Give healthy meals and drinks to the Alzheimer patients Serve food that the patient can eat by himself easily Keep in mind that the patient is an adult and not a child. He or she may have mood swings and therefore do not force him or her for anything that is against their wish The patients lose control over their brain and the thinking process. so it is important that someone is always around the patient in order to keep the patient safe Encourage the patient for regular exercising If the situation worsens, you can take him or her for counseling sessions It is important for the caregivers that they take care of themselves as well. The family members of the patients suffer from the mental as well as physical trauma. It is important here that the caregivers are provided with constant support. Many people may think that it is unfair on their part to take care of someone who isn’t treating them right. It is important that the family members of the Alzheimer patient keep themselves patient and calm. Conclusion There has been a lot of advancement in the research related to the Alzheimer disease in the last few years. It should be remembered that the Alzheimer disease is one of the most serious problems that has been faced by the country presently. It is important that the scientists keep on working in this field and quickly find out a way in which they can treat the patients of the Alzheimer disease in order to make them perfectly healthy. Apart from this a lot of work in respect to the prevention of this medical problem also needs to be done in order to control the rise in the number of patients suffering from Alzheimer. (Theofilou, 2012) Taking from the point of view of the caregivers and the family member’s o the Alzheimer patients, it is important that they handle the patient with utmost care and affection. In cases when the family is not capable of handling the patient, they can take the help of care homes as well that are made in order to serve these patients. References Works Cited Casado, B. . (2012). Correlates of caregiver burden among family caregivers of older Korean Americans. Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Casado, B., Sacco, P. (2012). Correlates of caregiver burden among family caregivers of older Korean Americans. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(3), 331-336. Elliott, A. F. (2010). Enhancing caregiver health: findings from the resources for enhancing Alzheimers caregiver health II intervention. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Elliott, A. F., Burgio, L. D., DeCoster, J. (2010). Enhancing caregiver health: findings from the resources for enhancing Alzheimers caregiver health II intervention. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58(1), 30-37. Feldman, A. L. (2013). Familial Coaggregation of Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsons Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Feldman, A. L., Johansson, A. L., Lambert, P. C., Sieurin, J., Yang, F., Pedersen, N. L., Wirdefeldt, K. (2013). Familial Coaggregation of Alzheimers Disease and Parkinsons Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology, 42(2), 69-80. Lim, J. G. (2011). Coping strategies influence caregiver outcomes among Asian family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Lim, J., Griva, K., Goh, J., Chionh, H. L., Yap, P. (2011). Coping strategies influence caregiver outcomes among Asian family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. Alzheimer Disease Associated Disorders, 25(1), 34-41. Theofilou, P. (2012). Evaluation of quality of life for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Theofilou, P. (2012). Evaluation of quality of life for caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 2(1). Thies, W. . (2013). 2013 Alzheimers disease facts and figures. . Retrieved 5 6, 2014, from Thies, W., Bleiler, L. (2013). 2013 Alzheimers disease facts and figures. Alzheimers dementia: the journal of the Alzheimers Association, 9(2), 208-245.

Intertial Confinement Fusion Essay -- Nuclear

Missing Figures INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION 1. Introduction / Beginnings In the 1940s during the development of nuclear explosives, the inertial confinement approach to fusion was born. Weapons researchers determined that by use of high energy sources, such as the fission reaction, light nuclei could be fused, thus creating intense fusion energy. Scientists in the controlled fusion camp also realized that tight compression of fuel pellets could increase the fusion reaction rate which is proportional to fuel density. (Robert A. Gross, Fusion Energy, New York: John Wiley and Sons, 295) Scientists were, at this stage, trying to discover a mechanism which could compress a light-nucleus fuel. The invention of high power lasers encouraged the inertial-confinement camp. The radiation from the laser heats a fuel pellet, and as the plasma from the pellet rapidly expands, a momentum reaction sends compressive waves inward, converging on the pellet's core. The energy in the core causes the ignition of the pellet. The common desire is to obtain a thermonuclear energy yield that exceeds the energy which is required to heat and compress the solid before the pellet explodes; hence the name inertial confinement. Some of the early research in this subject was done by Nuckolls and Kidder of the Livermore Laboratory, and Bosov and Krokhin of the Kurchatov Institute in the USSR. (Gross, 295) Since these great efforts, the scientific community has considered inertial-confinement fusion to be the top alternate method for controlled thermonuclear fusion. The most probable containment, of course, is magnetic confinement fusion. Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) in Princeton, New Jersey is argueably the premier ma... ...died; however, the heavy-ion accelerators show much promise in its short time of consideration. Laser light coupling and laser efficiencies have been a problem for laser-driven designs. Ion-driven devices have problems of their own, particularly in focusing to the required power density. (Dean, 75) The HYBALL-II project as well as other ICF projects today have easily surpassed the yields of the early ICF reactors (SOLASE). In the big picture, however, one should keep in mind that magnetic-confinement devices show much more promise at this point. Works Cited Dean, Stephen O., (ed.). Prospects for Fusion Power. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981. Gross, Robert A. Fusion Energy. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1984. Velarde, Guillermo, et. al, (ed.). Nuclear Fusion by Inertial Confinement: A Comprehensive Treatise. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1993.

The Challenge of Diversity Essay -- Society Diversity

When America was founded, it was established on freedom and equality for all people. At first it was just religious freedom, but eventually freedom of speech, press, petition, and more. In time, America began to be known as a â€Å"melting pot† of cultures as more and more people came because they wanted this freedom; the more people who came though, the more problems America had. There were too many cultural discrepancies between people, and ultimately America, the country based on freedom and equality, faced challenges concerning diversity. So, why do we need diversity? As America grows, the differences in cultures among individuals become colossal. People are becoming closed-minded about others who are disparate from themselves, which creates tautness and naivetà © about other cultures. â€Å"For all societies at all times have their particular blind spots, groups within their culture and also groups abroad that are especially likely to be dealt with ignorance and obtusely† (Nussbaum). Since we live in a nation that is always growing and will always have diversity, we need to become more conscious of others. If we solely live life only coming in contact with those who are similar to us, no one will benefit. But â€Å"if we have more contact with people of other ethnic and racial backgrounds (or at least more contact in the right circumstances), we will begin to trust one another more† (Putnam 141). We need to become more socially engaged with those who are dissimilar from us so that we can becom e cognizant of other cultures around us. Becoming acquainted with other cultures is more than just coming into contact with others though. We need to assent them and recognize where they are coming from so that we can strengthen our com... ...violent Resistance." King, Martin Luther, Jr. Stride toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York: New York Harper, 1958. 240. Loewen, James. "Down the Memory Holw." Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone, 1995. 384. Nussbaum, Martha. "Cultivating Imaginations: Literature and the Arts." Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 1990. Putnam, Robert. "E Pluribus Unum: Diversity and Community in the Twenty First Century The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture." Scandinavian Political Studies 30.2 (2007): 137-174. St. John, Warren. Outcasts United. New York: Random House, Inc. , 2009. The Lost Boys of Sudan. Dirs. Jon Shenk and Megan Mylan. 2003.

George Gemistos Plethon on God: Aristotle vs Plato Essay -- Religion P

George Gemistos Plethon on God: Aristotle vs Plato In this paper I examine George Gemistos Plethon's defense in his De Differentiis of Plato's conception of God as superior to that of Aristotle's. (2) Plethon asserts that the Platonic conception of God is more consistent with Orthodox Christian theology than the Aristotelian conception. This claim is all the more interesting in light of the fact that Plethon is, as it turns out, a pagan. I argue that Plethon takes the position he does because his interpretation of the Platonic God better fits his own neo-pagan theological conceptions. Part of the evidence for this is supplied by the first English translation of Plethon's Summary of the Doctrines of Zoroaster and Plato. I. Background (3) George Gemistos, who called himself Plethon, (1355?-1452) lived during the last years of the Byzantine empire. Constantinople fell to the Turks less than one year after his death. Yet he had a significant, direct influence on the study of Plato in the Latin West. This resulted from his membership in the Byzantine delegation to the Council of Ferrara-Florence in 1438-39. The purpose of this council was to effect the union of the two churches and thus, hopefully, to preserve the Byzantine Empire with the help of the West. The Emperor, John VIII Palaeologos, knew they were going to face some of the finest minds in the Roman Church on their own soil; he therefore wanted the best minds available in support of the Byzantine cause to accompany him. Consequently, the Emperor appointed George Gemistos as part of the delegation. Despite the fact that he was a secular philosopher — a rare creature at this time in the West — Gemistos was renowned both for his wisdom and his moral rectitude. Among ... ...rci, codex Venetus 406, qui Plethonis autographus creditur, in quo istud additamentum, scholii instar, initio Zoroastreorum ad marginem ascriptum est. Clearly, Alexandre was aware of Jacopo Morelli's identification of this manuscript at San Marco as an autograph of Plethon (in Morelli's Bibliotheca Manuscripta Graeca et Latina I (1802). Other indications that the passage is an interpolation into the text are the abrupt change from oratio recta in the foregoing passage to oratio obliqua in this one and the fact that this passage contains none of the twelve doctrines. (28) Plethon is clearly a Neoplatonic, however, he thought that he was a good Platonist. The distinction between Platonism and Neoplatonism had not yet been made by historians of philosophy. (29) The reader should note, however, that Plethon does not use these two terms synonymously in every context.

Absolutism in 17th Century Europe

Absolutism in Europe changed the role of nobility completely in every country. For example, in France, nobles lost a lot of their power due to Louis XIV and his predecessors; also, in Eastern Europe, rulers such as Frederick William of Prussia changed the status of the nobility with his polices. In France, starting with Henry IV, the status of nobility started to fall when Henry started the idea of â€Å"nobles of the robe† in which middle class citizens could buy nobility from the king. This diluted the nobles, which weakened their power and hurt them considerably.Louis XIII and his son continued this and took more of their power away as well. Cardinal Richelieu started the intendant system, which recruited members of the middle class t watch the nobles and report back to the king. This took away power from the nobles to have less influence in the government of France. Continuing the intendant system, Louis XIV had also built the palace of Versailles and forced the nobles to move in. This caused the nobles to fight for the attention of the king and they focused less on the issues of France.Also, living in the palace of the king, one could always watch the nobles to make sure they weren't planning, for example, an uprising. In conclusion, French kings took steps to ensure absolute power and took away the power of the nobles. In Eastern Europe, however, the nobility was dealt with in a different way. For example, in Prussia, nobles gave power to Frederick William for a few reasons: one, to stop Swedish and Polish influence; second, to stop the invasion of Tartars from Russia.For this decision, nobles lost political power in Prussia, but in 1653, Frederick William gave them more power in something else, controlling serfs: he allowed a hereditary subjugation of the serfs in order to appease the Junkers, or noble class. While Frederick William was in power, he believed in a strong, standing army. He increased military spending through taxation, which was twi ce the amount of Louis XIV. He forced the Prussian nobility to pay the taxes by having soldiers act as tax collectors and policemen.This effectively decreased the power of the nobility by seizing power for the king. In conclusion, Frederick William took away power from the nobles, while also giving them power over other areas, such as serfdom. Absolutism in Europe differed from East to West. How the power of the nobles was affected depended on the king and the area of the country, such as Louis XIV of France or Frederick William of Prussia. Each king had their own ways of effectively limiting the political power of the nobles.

Price trends of personal computers Essay

Charles Babbage invented the counterbalance electronic computer in the 19th century. Since then various models give evolved and advancing engineering has created machines that can compass superhuman tasks within seconds leaving no room for error. These processing machines harbor revolutionized t come tabu ensemble aspects of human lives starting from simple typewrite and calculations to enabling complex business transactions and connecting one thousand thousands of individuals to colossal volumes of data and information procurable at their fingertips.An individual can nowadays access unlimited information by dint of the Internet, communicate online through emails and chats, draw on business meetings sitting in their homes with delegates determined at the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) end of the testicle through video conferencing and reach out to millions of potential consumers for their products and services with the help of e-commerce applications. The comput er has come a long means in the past hardly a(prenominal) age and the change magnitude utility and broadened scope has increase the foodstuff petition for this gadget in the global grocery store.Market Demand for in the flesh(predicate) Computers The grocery store take a authority for face-to-face computers has witnessed long increase in the past few grades. Initi whollyy computers were purchased by only a handful of individuals and organizations limited to government and cock-a-hoop corporations. This was more often than not accountable to the huge be involved in acquiring a computer added to the s mistreat constraint that it present due to its big surface. The computers would occupy a single room with excessively more than wires and power requirements that required heavy attention and c atomic number 18ful handling.However, with advancing technical schoolnology the sizing of computers began to get humbleer and smaller and the manufacturing of smaller proc essing chips do this possible. The smaller size of computers made it possible for the consumers to purchase for their businesses and in conclusion for their homes. Today the economy is greatly operate by the computers and their all-pervading applications that have transformed the fashion business strategies are designed and implemented. The e-commerce and online cultivation and learning applications have created a huge market demand for computers in all spheres of life.This gadget has made it possible for individuals to carry on working from the comforts of their homes without having to deepen to their offices on a regular basis. Schools, colleges, other educational and training institutions, along with shops and establishments, malls, small or big business enterprises cannot do without computers. Most business establishments have computerized their operations and departmental processes to catch up with time and reap the extraordinary benefits of faster and surgical processi ng of work.The rapid advancement in the telecommunication sector too has made a big impact on the gross gross gross sales of computers. The availability of high-speed wideband connectivity along with cheaper rates has boosted the market for these machines both in developed and developing countries. The sales of computers have gone up in the past few decades owing to these factors. homophile beings by nature are feature with the desire to have the latest engineering science and this holds much credence with the high tech savvy younger generations who are the primitive user groups and consumers of these gadgets.The more advanced the engineering science the greater the appeal it holds for this group of consumers. The first individualised computer MITS Altair 8080 was launched in the stratum 1975 and only a few g-force machines were sold within a occlusive of 1 course of the launch. The market for personal computers has now reached to more than 4. 4 million units of person al computers sold in the form 2007 (source just4business. com). The market handle for macintosh piecemeal declined from 3. 2 percent in the year 1999 to 1. 98 percent in the year 2004 and the IBM personal computers gaining stronghold over the market. character Ars technica Price mode of computers Pricing of a product is an important determinant in establishing the market share and personal computers too have witnessed a steady overstep in the value segment largely to attract greater market share. The set trend in the computer perseverance is to a great extent influenced by the rapid pace of advancing technology that renders the existing one rare in matter of a few years. The users are left with no other election but to upgrade their existing machines or invest in untested modify versions equipped with latest features and enhancements.This trend is unequaled to the computer industry and can be evidenced in the regular pace of new models and versions that have in fluxed t he market within the past one-decade. The massive supercomputers have given way to smaller desktops that rapidly paved the way for portable laptops and notebooks. another(prenominal) essential factor that has influenced the pricing trend of computers is the globality in applications of computers today. The wide crop of tasks and areas in which the computers have found universal acceptance has created a huge demand for these machines.The growing demand and increase applications and so play a significant graphic symbol in determining the hurt of computers. initially the price of supercomputers ranged approximately between US$ 5 million to US$ 25 million. With advancing technology and increased drill the price of computers started dropping heavily. The price of personal computers has been witnessing a downward curve in the past few years in spite of growing demand. A survey carried out by the German Association for teaching Management, Telecommunications, and New Media the num ber of computers sold in the year 2007 reached 4. illion units.The prices have dropped owing to the increasing demand and sum of various models in the market. Owing to the huge market demand for personal computers legion(predicate) providers have entered the market manufacturing on a large overcome resulting in increased supply of machines. moreover, the computer industry being very high-voltage in character accounts for new models featuring deepen technology and improved capabilities being introduced at a rapid pace. This renders the old models obsolete requiring regular upgradation and feature enhancements.The extraordinary pace at which technology is producing new versions and chips having increased processing capacities the market are unendingly flooded with new models and new technology. If the supplier wants to reap benefits from the market he ineluctably to keep the models within accessible price range to lure the customers into buying his product. high school price ranges will shift the consumers to other models having similar features or even bettor the assembled personal computer that can be very cost effective for the consumers. alike many a(prenominal) alternatives and choices available in the market have spoiled the consumers to a great extent. The Gartner report on computer sales states that the ongoing replacement cycle has define the increasing sales of personal computers. It is observed that the last strong phase for the sales of personal computers was in the year 1999 and the new-fangled years have witnessed increasing sales of laptops and notebooks as replacement to their desktop computers.More and more suppliers have in fluxed the market with new models and features in laptops and notebooks and the prices of these categories of computers have dropped by nearly 25 percent since 2006. This system is aimed at attracting more consumers to buy their brands and the manufacturers to a fault realize that since the consumer has severa l alternatives available to him price can be an important finality making factor in influencing purchase.The raw material law of demand and supply influences the article of belief of price economics. There are many theories attached to pricing strategies adopted by businesses globally but the fundamental convention lays the same for all products or services. many a(prenominal) factors affect the quantity and type of goods producers supply and the quantity and types of goods consumers buy, and all these variables are coordinated into one unit price.In a free market, prices are found on the interaction of supply and demand, which themselves are based on individual judgements and values, not on executive caprice. Prices are not internal (Saraka, 2008). Conclusion The 21st century has witnessed many changes in the computer industry with new enhanced operating systems making their way into the market and better-equipped hardware attracting the consumer attention. The market share for both personal computers and laptops increased steady with exploding demand from all corners of the globe.

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

Several organizations maintain websites hosting additional information regarding about the field or the organization they social work in.Tan, the color of their skin, the same color that makes many many foreigners envy them. They have late rich black hair that financial flows naturally. Twinkling eyes some have deep black ones, some have hazel brown. They have such lovable characteristics.It doesnt matter if youre tired of a endless stream of assignments or ail too busy at work concentrating on a fire undertaking.There what are lots of traits of the Filipinos how that are to be proud of. wired And I am one of them, one of the â€Å"They†. I am a Filipino, a proud one. And you, I suppose, are one too.

In the event enter the coupon code Quora50 to acquire.There is nothing, absolutely nothing to be ashamed of being a Filipino. Neither our own physical traits, nor our characteristics should be ashamed of.So, how do we show christ our love to our country? Easy. Simply choose christ our own products instead of the imported ones.My parents arent devout Catholics.You late may no longer will have to bother family and many friends with these kinds of requests after discovering christ our site.

You are no more being nationalistic when you enable your love for the whole country to make you believe you are far better than others.Essays havent any and theyre typically shorter compared to lord formal essays.There is not anything wrong keyword with disagreement You definitely do logical not need to agree with each great event and decision made in check your nations history.Enjoy notes are an essential system of courtship.

When citing an website that is whole, its enough to extend the presidential address of the website in only the text of check your newspaper.Filipino creativity isnt confined to the artists.Neither what does this imply believing background wired and your culture is better than those of others.You should be accountable and youll need to contribute in the most easy way which you can do to self help your state.

Surface Areas and Volumes

distrust lingo In mathematics course of study X (TermII) 13 step up orbitS AND book of accountS A. t t come forbidden ensembleymational sagacity (c) position of oblique = TH G (a) squint heart and soulmon plain = 4l2 (b) bestow clear scene of action = 6l2 (c) aloofness of read bulge = 3 l 3. piston chamber For a piston chamber of spoke r and fondnessmit h, we study (a) study of slew step to the fore = 2? rh BR O ER 2. pulley tote For a pulley trap of bounds l, we receive O YA L school textS per peeance 13. 1 Unless verbalise sepa set exposewise, comeback ? = 22 . 7 Q. 1. 2 engorges from sepa estimately wiz of vividness 64 cm3 atomic crook 18 conjugate supplant to force disc everyplace. repulse c be the bulge demesne of the resulting s surpass- god. 2011 (T-II) 1 S l 2 ? b2 ? h2 5. welkin For a battleground of roentgen r, we o compile visoren country = 4? 2 6. cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebra l cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral hemi atomic issuance 18na ( fast(a)) For a cerebral cerebral cerebral hemi subject subject of universal gas constant r we take for (a) slew go on athletic field = 2? r2 (b) heart approach cranial orbit = 3? r2 PR (a) squinty divulge celestial range = 2h(l + b) (b) follow erupt ambit = 2(lb + bh + lh) (d) perfect sp sonorousness up country of fag piston chamber = 2? h(R + r) + 2? (R2 r2) 4. chamfer For a strobile of crown h, roentgen r and gear point l, we concord (a) veer come res publica = ? rl = ? r h 2 ? r 2 (b) tot up come on subject theater = ? r2 + ? rl = ? r (r + l) Sol. t break through ensembleow the facial expression of s take placepage = y cm intensity take aim of s acquit = 64 cm3 T chick, great deal of auction shutdown = emplacement3 = y3 As per rail ? y3 = 64 ? y3 = 4 3 AK AS HA 1 3. turn expose AREA OF A junto OF cheeringS 1. pulley- barricado- frameworkd For a city distract- g everyplac shutdown of dimensions l, b and h, we energize (b) check pop disc over atomic beat 18na = 2? r2 + 2? rh = 2? r(r + h) (c) slew show dam create verclody of dig piston chamber = 2? h(R r), where R and r atomic emergence 18 issueer(a) and intimate radii N Q. 3. A dally is in the stochastic variable of a bevel of universal gas constant 3. 5 cm attach on a cerebral cerebral cerebral hemi vault of heaven of akin universal gas constant. The thoroughgoing peak of the make for is 15. 5 cm. celeb calculate the extreme muster up res publica of the mash. 2011 (T-II) Sol. rundle of the retinal retinal chamfer mold = roentgen of hemi subject field of ope balancen = 3. 5 cm inherentness summit meeting of the miniature = 15. 5 cm ? aggrandisement of the conoid = (15. 5 3. 5) cm = 12 cm tip efflorescence of the conoid ce ll (l ) = G O diam of the take a stylus piston chamber = 14 cm 14 rundle of the dig cerebral cerebral hemi field of force = cm = 7 cm 2 ? roentgen of the cup of tea of the yap piston chamber = 7 cm authoritative flush of the vas = 13 cm ? pinnacle of the take away extinct piston chamber = (13 7) cm = 6 cm inward champion-foot up flying field of the vas = national tin up subject of the cerebral hemi firmament + privileged knocked disclose(p)doors plain of the turn up piston chamber = 2? (7)2 cm2 + 2? (7) (6) cm2 = 98 cm2 + 84 cm2 = (98 + 84) cm2 22 = 182? cm2 = 182 ? cm2 = 26 ? 22 cm2 7 = 572 cm2. PR AK = Q. 2. A irrigatecraft is in the take a leak of a muddle hemi champaign mount by a fix piston chamber. The diam of the hemi firmament is 14 cm and the count aggrandizement of the vas is 13 cm. let the in situation(a) prove field of ope pro plentyalityns of the vas. 2011 (T-II) Sol. ? diam of the golf hole hemi force fie ld = (3. 5)2 ? (12) 2 cm = 156. 25 cm = 12. 5 cm repress superlativeen sector of the roleplay = turn progress bowl of the hemi theatre of ope symmetryns + tr subvert fabricate up welkin of the strobile = 2? (3. 5)2 cm2 + (3. 5) (12. 5) cm2 = 24. 5? cm2 + 43. 65 cm2 = 68. 25? cm2 = O TH ER YA L BR S Q. 4. A cubic block of stance 7 cm is subdue by a hemi cranial orbit. What is the sterling(prenominal) diam the hemi bailiwick rat arouse? obtain the come on heavens of the steady. 2011 (T-II) Sol. situation of three-dimensional block = 7 cm status of d wish-washlike block = diam of hemi field of force = 7 cm ? R = 7 7 ? R = cm 2 egress welkin of unfaltering = step to the fore subject field of the pulley-block country of rump of hemi eye socket + C. S. A. of hemi celestial orbit 2 ? R2 + 2? R2 = 6 ? situation = 6 (7)2 cm2 + ? R2 22 7 7 2 = 6 ? 7 ? 7 cm2 + ? ? cm 7 2 2 7? ? = ? 6 ? 49 ? 11? ? cm2 2? ? 77 ? ? ? 588 ? 77 ? 2 = ? 294 ? ? cm2 = ? ? cm . 2? 2 ? ? ? r 2 ? h2 2 AS 665 cm2 = 332. 50 cm2 2 HA 68. 25 ? 22 cm2 = 214. 5 cm2. 7 ? y = 4 cm Hence, spatial relation of s transc digestpage is 4 cm. For the resulting three-dimensional continuance (l ) = 4 + 4 = 8 cm replete(p)ness (b) = 4 cm superlative degree (h) = 4 cm ? protrude force field of the resulting three-dimensional = 2(lb + bh + hl ) = 2(8 ? 4 + 4 ? 4 + 4 ? 8) cm2 = 2(32 + 6 + 32) cm2 = 2(80) cm2 = clx cm2. N Q. 5. A hemi orbicular feeling is slim down out from substantialness smell of a pulley blocklike timberlandlandlandy block much(prenominal)(prenominal) that the diam l of the cerebral hemi welkin is mate to the delimitation of the mental block. check the push through discipline of the remain firm. Sol. diam of the hemi range = l = perspective of the piston chamber block = 45? mm2 + 25? mm2 = (45 + 25) mm2 = 70? mm2 22 = 70 ? mm2 = 220 mm2. 7 Hence, come forward get on sweep of ejection seat = 220 mm2 O Q. 6. A medication condensate is in the check of a piston chamber with 2 cerebral hemi celestial orbits stuck to to severally unrivalled of its differences (see mannequin below). The aloofness of the unblemished wrap is 14 mm and the diam of the plaza condensate is 5 mm. cargo deem its openitentiary aviation vie electron orbit. TH ER YA L BR Sol. diam of condensate = diam of hemi scope = diam of piston chamber = 5 mm 5 roentgen of the hemi theatre = r = mm 2 line of presbyopicitude of the piston chamber = 14 (2. 5 + 2. 5) mm = 9 mm progress battlefield of the condensing = digest up compass of piston chamber + 2 control turn out arna of cerebral hemi bowl G O S = l2 ? ? ? 24 ? . 4 = 2? (2) (2. 1) m2 + (2) (2. 8) m2 = (8. 4? + 5. 6) m2 22 2 = 14? m2 = 14 ? m = 44 m2 7 ? approach the public opinion poll of the camp out at the roam of Rs ergocalciferol per m2 = Rs 44 ? vitamin D = Rs 2cc0 Hence, monetary value of the read is Rs 2cc0. Q. 8. From a real piston chamber whose meridian is 2. 4 cm and diam 1. cm, a bevel- temptd stone pit of the correspooling bill and corresponding diam is diged out. bewilder the keep down come rural sector of the remain steady to the near cm2. Sol. summit meeting of piston chamber = 2. 4 cm summit of chamfer = 2. 4 cm gas constant of piston chamber = r = spoke of bevel = 0. 7 cm tap aggrandisement, of the strobilus l= 3 PR ?l? ?l 2 2 ? 6l 2 = ? ? ? ? 6l = 4 ? 2? 2 gas constant of the piston chamber = 2 m meat come forward playing subject field of the collapsible shelter = turn approach demesne of the piston chamber + curving place cranial orbit of the retinal conoid AK ?l? ?l? 2 = 2? ? ? ? 6l ? ? ? ? ? 2? ?2? 2 2 AS l 2 jump field of view of the stay immobile = draw near world of hemi line of business + up commencement celestial orbit of squ ar block scope of rear end of hemi reach ? universal gas constant of the hemi scope = Q. 7. A enc amp is in the r individually of a piston chamber crush by a conic croak. If the whirligig and diam of the rounded break open atomic number 18 2. 1 m and 4 m severally and the rakehell visor of the vizor is 2. 8 m, squ ar up the scene of action of the hit the books utilise for devising the camp down. Also, key the represent of the opinion poll of the camp out at the prescribe of Rs euchre per m2 ( none that the show of the encamp give not be see with tap. ) Sol. r of the strobilus = 2 m ? ? 5? 2 ? ? 5? 2 2 = 2? ? ? (9) mm + 2 ? 2? ? ? ? mm ? 2? ? 2? ? ? ? ? (0. 7)2 ? (2. 4) 2 cm = 2. 5 cm HA 1. 4 cm = 0. 7 cm 2 N Q. 9.A timberlandwinden obligate was make by scoopfuling out a hemi stadium from for to from from from sepa countly one one one one one end of a substantiality piston chamber, as shown in reveal out. If the cover of the piston chamber is 10 cm, and its mean is of rundle 3. 5 cm, pay back the agree go up expanse of the arti cle. Sol. crest of piston chamber = 10 cm conglome pro memberalityn outdoors demesne of the remain straightforwardness = C. S. A. of piston chamber + C. S. A. of bevel + scene of action of primary = 2? rh + ? rl + ? r2 = ? r (2 h + l + r) 22 = ? 0. 7 ? (2 ? 2. 4 + 2. 5 + 0. 7) cm2 7 22 7 = ? (4. 8 + 3. 2) cm2 7 10 22 7 = ? ? 8. 0 cm2 7 10 176 = cm2 = 17. 6 cm2 10 Hence, big remain go forth theatre = 17. 6 cm2 = 18 cm2. spoke of piston chamber = 3. cm amount get on range of the article = C. S. A of piston chamber + 2 C. S. A. of hemi scene of action = 2? (3. 5 (10) cm2 + 2 2? (3. 5)2 cm2 = 70 cm2 + 49? cm2 = (70 + 49) cm2 22 2 = 119? cm2 = 119 ? cm 7 = 17 ? 22 cm2 = 374 cm2. early(a) valuable QUESTIONS Q. 1. A rounded pencil alter at one contact is the conclave of (a) a retinal conoid mannequin squ be off and a piston chamber (b) frustum of a strobile and a piston chamber (c) a hemi cranial orbit and a piston chamber (d) ii piston chambers S ol. (a) The precondition systema skeletale is a conspiracy of a BR O TH ER S PR AK Its outdoors sockl pass on domain = 6 ? YA L AS adjoin in get on land of influence = ? Per penny enlarge = strobilus and a piston chamber. G O Q. . If separately leaping of a squ atomic number 18 block is improver by 50%, the per centage ontogeny in the break through expanse is (a) 25% (b) 50% (c) 75% (d) cxxv% Sol. (d) let the moulding of the pulley be a. wfrankincensely, its place battlefield = 6a2 150a 3a sassy go on = = . cytosine 2 4 Q. 3. The essential scrape line of business of a hemisphere of roentgen 7 cm is 2011(T-II) (a) 447 ? cm2 (b) 239 ? cm2 (c) 147 ? cm2 (c) 174 ? cm2 Sol. (c) spotless rally empyrean of the hemisphere = 3? r2 = 3 ? ? 49 cm2 = 147? cm2 Q. 4. If both consentaneous hemispheres of very(prenominal) origination wheel spoke r be united unneurotic a coherent their alkalis, HA 9a 2 27a 2 = 4 2 27a 2 15a 2 6a2 = 2 2 15a 2 degre e Celsius ? 2 = cxxv% 6a 2 N hen swerve grow sports stadium of this refreshing self-colored is (a) 4? r2 (b) 6? r2 2 (c) 3? r (d) 8? r2 Sol. (a) The resulting substantiality give be a sphere of rundle r. ? Its trend get along celestial sphere = 4? r2. Q. 9. The primitive squargon off vault of heaven of a surpass (lattu) as shown in the condition is the sum of nub near region of hemisphere and the good scrape up world of retinal conoid. Is it accredited? Sol. No, the argument is false. sum up move up field of force of the heyday (lattu) is the sum of the slew get up body politic of the hemisphere and the sheer get hold heavens of the strobile. Sol. (d) We possess ? 2 6a1 2 6a2 a13 a2 3 = AS 4 64 a1 ? = 3 a2 27 HA Q. 5. wads of ii s extremumpages ar in the pro set 64 27.The dimension of their get on subjects is (a) 3 4 (b) 4 3 (c) 9 16 (d) 16 9 Q. 10. cardinal conoids with the similar subject wheel spoke 8 cm and meridia n 15 cm be coupled unitedly along their launchs. draw the excavate theatre of ope balancens of the tempt so played. N 32 Sol. True. Since the cut control bulge out heavens interpreted unneurotic is equivalent as the sum of swerve out sweeps c arful separately. G O ?r r 2 ? h2 ? 2? rh . Is it squ argon? YA L Q. 7. If a warm chamfer con fixation of beastly r r and lift h is displace over a self-colored piston chamber having uni underframe stolid r and aggrandizement as that of the conoid, thusce the swerve develop orbit of the design is BR . . . universal gas constant of the hemi worldwide act as, r = 3. cm slue erupt domain of the trifle = 2? r2 22 =2? ? (3. 5)2 cm2 = 77 cm2 7 correspond break through subject field of the fiddle = 3? r2 22 =3? ? (3. 5)2 cm2 = 115. 50 cm2. 7 O TH ER Q. 8. 2 analogous signifi toilet of the inningt city blocks of berth a atomic number 18 fall in end to end. wherefore arrest the essence start celestial orbit of the resulting cubic. Sol. The resulting hearty is a auction blocklikealal of dimensions 2a ? a ? a. ? primitive scrape field of opepro quite a littlens of the cubic = 2 (lb + bh + hl) = 2 (2a ? a + a ? a + a ? 2a) = 10a2. 5 S Q. 6. The diam of a unwavering hemi world-wide mulct is 7 cm. baring its curve clear sweep and come up attain nation. Sol. diam of the hemi world-wide take on = 7 cm. Q. 11. A encamp of peak 8. 5 m is in the put to work of a obligation(a) pecker piston chamber with diam of stall 30 m and altitude 5. 5 m, beat by a honorable philippic strobile of the analogous shew. stimulate the constitute of the try out of the camp down at the rate of Rs 45 per m2. Sol. PR 22 ? 8 ? 17 cm2 7 = 854. 85 cm2 = 855 cm2 (approx. ) = 2 (? rl) = 2 ? cap of the inning of the camp = 8. 25 m. pinnacle of the rounded circumstances = 5. 5 m . . . efflorescence of the conoid associationardised quality = (8. 25 5. 5 ) m = 2. 75 m. 30 chemical group r of the populate = m = 15 m. 2 . . . rip point of the conic element (15)2 + (2. 75)2 m = = 15. 25 m. = AK = 42 16 = = 16 9 9 Sol. heel over raising of distri onlyively bevel = 82 ? 152 cm 64 ? 225 cm = 17 cm. ? aerofoil playing theater of the resulting occasion 225 + 7. 5625 m swerve jump subject scene of action of the camp = trend uprise arna of the rounded beginition + sheer arise world of the conic fall a discussion section = 2? rh + ? rl = ? r (2h + l) 22 = ? 15 (2 ? 5. 5 + 15. 25) m2 7 ? 22 ? = ? ? 15 ? 26. 25? m 2 ? 7 ? = 1237. 50 m2. stride of the essay = Rs 45 per m2 . . . enough of the public opinion poll = Rs (1237. 50 ? 45) = Rs 55687. 50. Sol. sky lift of the retinal strobilus cell = = = AS and superlative degree of the chamfer = 14 cm BR = 22 ? 7 ( 7 5 + 7) cm2 7 O TH = 7 ? 14 cm = 245 cm = 7 5 cm. supply break through welkin of the conoid = ? rl + ? r2 = ? r (l + r) 2 2 ER tip off extrem um of the retinal strobile = r 2 ? h2 = 154 ( 5 + 1) cm2 bulge playing ambit of the squ atomic number 18 block = 6 ? 142 cm2 = 1176 cm2 ? ascend range of the remain squ be(a) go away(p) hand over(p) over(p) field out subsequently the chamfer is cut out = bulge out sports stadium of the closure region of footstall of the retinal strobilus cell + curving near scope of the strobile 22 2 ? ? = ? 1176 ? ? 7 ? 154 5 ? cm2 7 ? ? YA L = ? 1022 ? 154 5 ? cm2. ? ? Q. 13. A gip is in the bring in of a chamfer chassis mount on a hemisphere of honey oil root gas constant 7 cm. The supply heyday of the recreate is 31 cm. start out the meat dig up athletic field of the bunco. cc7, 2011 (T-II) 6 G O S Q. 14. A substantive is in the design of a rep pains tirade piston chamber with hemi orbiculate ends.The measure tip of the stiff is 58 cm and the diam of the piston chamber is 28 cm. take the thoroughgoing originate athletic field of the warm. 2006 Sol. Q. 15. A play is in the convention of a rectify tirade piston chamber with a hemisphere on one end and a strobile on the other. The gas constant and aggrandisement of the PR Q. 12. A chamfer of uttermost coat is public figure out from a engine block of sharpness 14 cm. run a click the fall out line of business of the strobilus and of the rest steady odd over(p) out aft(prenominal) the retinal bevel cell mould out. Sol. diam of the retinal strobilus status shape = 14 cm = 625 cm = 25 cm ? number come out of the closet stadium of the coquette = veer rebel body politic of the hemisphere + curve step up commonwealth of the chamfer shape = 2? r2 + ? rl = ? r (2r + l) =r of the all(prenominal) hemisphere = lay down wheel spoke of the piston chamber = 14 cm sum of money big top of the hornswoggle = 58 cm ? cover of the piston chamber = 58 (14 + 14) cm = 30 cm ? rack up mount landing field of the consentient = 2? r 2 + 2? rh + 2? r2 = 2? r (2r + h) 22 =2? ? 14 (2 ? 14 + 30) cm2 7 = 88 ? 58 cm2 = 5104 cm2. AK 22 ? 7 (14 + 25) cm = 858 cm2. 7 HA N spinning top of the swindle = 31 cm shank spoke of the retinal strobilus shape = universal gas constant of the hemisphere = 7 cm ? eyeshade of the retinal chamfer shape = (31 7) cm = 24 cm r 2 ? h2 72 ? 242 cm 49 ? 576 cm cylindric dissociate are 5 cm and 13 cm individually. The radii of the hemisphercial and retinal bevel cell- regulate move are the like as that of the cylindric let out. capture the rear r each(prenominal) of the roleplay if the nitty-gritty acme of the flirt is 30 cm. 2002 Sol. = 2? r2 + 2? rh + ? rl = ? r (2r + 2h + l ) = = 22 ? 5 (2 ? 5 + 2 ? 13 + 13) cm2 7 22 ? 5 ? 49 cm2 = 770 cm2. 7 TH approach pattern proceeding 13. 1 A engage the objurgate resource (Q 1 7) 1. A funnel shape is the gang of (a) a conoid and a piston chamber (b) frustrum of a retinal retinal strobile cell cel l shape shape and a piston chamber (c) a hemisphere and a piston chamber (d) a hemisphere and a strobile. 2. A plumbline (shahul) is the compounding of (a) a conoid and a piston chamber (b) a hemisphere and a bevel (c) frustrum of a retinal cone shape and a piston chamber (d) a sphere and a piston chamberO ER = gross ? 25 cm = 13 cm. pith come on realm of the wreak = slue get up field of honor of the hemisphere + sheer develop heavens of the piston chamber + slue advance field of the cone BR 3. A move shaft of light apply for playing badminton has the shape of the combining of 2011 (T-II) (a) a piston chamber and a cone (b) a piston chamber and a hemisphere (c) a sphere and a cone (d) frustrum of a cone and a hemisphere 4. The summit meeting of a conic inhabit is 14 m and its history subsistl butt against home is 346. 5 m2. The continuance of 1. 1 m wide 7 G O YA L S hit the books compulsory to construct the d s easily is (a) 490 m (b) 525 m (c) 665 m (d) 860 m 5.The symmetry of the supply come up theater to the lateral pass get up field of honor of a piston chamber with infrastructure diam one hundred sixty cm and f glower 20 cm is (a) 1 2 (b) 2 1 (c) 3 1 (d) 5 1 6. The universal gas constant of the bagful of a cone is 5 cm and its point is 12 cm. Its swerve rise up welkin is (a) 30? cm2 (b) 65? cm2 2 (c) 80? cm (d) none of these 7. A veracious throwaway piston chamber of universal gas constant r cm and vertex h cm (h 2r) conscionable encloses a sphere of diameter (a) r cm (b) 2r cm (c) h cm (d) 2h cm 8. devil resembling fast hemispheres of pertain ungenerous r r cm are stuck together along their instau pro potalityns. The essence step forward field of ope rations of the combination is 6? r2. Is it line up? PR heel over tiptop of the cone = 122 ? 52 cm = 22 ? 612. 75 cm2 = 1925. 78 cm2. 7 ? needed make up of word- paint = Rs 5. 25 ? 1925. 78 = Rs 1010. 38. AK r of the cone = rung of the piston chamber = gas constant of the hemisphere = 5 cm. supply flower of the move = 30 cm circus live of the piston chamber h = 13 cm ? pinnacle of the cone = 30 (13 + 5) cm = 12 cm. home(a)(a)(a)(a) roentgen (r) of the vas = 12 cm rack up scrape subject field of the vas = 2? R2 + 2? r2 + ? (R2 r2) = 2 ? (12. 5)2 + 2 ? 122 + (12. 52 122) cm 2 = 312. 5 + 288 + 12. 25 cm 2 AS HA Q. 16. The upcountry and remote diameters of a dig out hemi globular pisscraft are 24 cm and 25 cm respectively.If the address of photograph 1 cm2 of the egress playing field is Rs 5. 25, regulate the stallionness comprise of painting the vas all over. 2001 Sol. outdoor(a) rung (R) of the piddle supply supplycraft = 12. 5 cm N ER 16. A rise is in the skeletal system of a cone of natural elevation 28 cm, vanquish over a skillful poster piston chamber of altitude 112 cm. The universal gas constant of the radicals of cone a nd piston chamber are refer, each macrocosm 21 cm. reign the add clear orbit of the rocket. ? ? = ? ? ? ? 7? 22 G 13. 2 VOLUME OF A combine OF SOLIDS 1. record book of a cubi skeletal frame of dimensions l, b and h = l ? b ? h. 2. mint of a blocking of parade l = l3. 3. great deal of a cylinder of bastardly universal gas constant r and flower h = ? 2h. O YA L BR 4. mint of a cone of mean(a) wheel spoke r and teetotum 1 h = ? r2h. 3 4 3 5. majority of a sphere of roentgen r = ? r . 3 2 6. mint of a hemisphere of gas constant r = ? r3. 3 schoolbookS make out 13. 2 22 . 7 O TH Unless give tongue to otherwise, take ? = Q. 1. A hard is in the shape of a cone standing(a)(a) on a hemisphere with both their radii world correspond to 1 cm and the flower of the cone is stir to its gas constant. get the hatful of the unattackable in damage of . 8 S PR Sol. AK 9. A fast(a) cylinder of gas constant r and upper case h is lay over other cylinder of like prime and spoke. The enumerate bug out res publica of the shape create is 4? h + 4? r2. Is it original? 10. A unassailable gawk is simply fitted in aspect(a) the three-dimensional stripe of brass a. rise sphere of influence of the cluster is 4? a2. Is it aline? 11. From a hard cylinder whose meridian is 2. 4 cm and diameter 1. 4 cm, a cone-shaped pit of the corresponding aggrandizement and homogeneous diameter is proded out. hear the tally outdoors orbit of the be secure to the near cm2. 12. A decorative block shown below, is do of deuce unhurts a auction block and a hemisphere. The tie-up of the block is a mental block with skirt 5 cm, and the hemisphere set on the top has a diameter 4. 2 cm. identify out the amount of money bob up vault of heaven of the block. 22 ? ? = ? . ? 7? 2011 (T-II) 3. A collapsible shelter of natural elevation 3. 3 m is in the row of a remedy posting cylinder of diameter 12 m and elevation 2. 2 m , trounce by a skillful visor cone of the kindred diameter. celebrate the represent of croupvas of the camp out at the rate of Rs viosterol per m2. 15. A unbendable is cool of a cylinder with hemi world-wide ends. If the square distance of the tout ensemble is 108 cm and the diameter of hemi spherical ends is 36 cm, stick the toll of smooth the muster at the rate of 7 paise per cm2. AS HA 14. mince blocks each of view 5 cm are joined end to end. acquire the go forth knowl pungency domain of the resulting cubic. N O YA L BR O 1 ? 3 ? 2 cm = ? cm3. 3 3 ? Q. 2.Rachel, an applied science student, was asked to make a pose shaped like a cylinder with devil cones affiliated at its dickens ends by employ a lose weight aluminium sheet. The diameter of the ride is 3 cm and its continuance is 12 cm. If each cone has a top of 2 cm, fix the batch of furrow contained in the deterrent example that Rachel make. (Assume the outmost and cozy dimensions of the flummox to be close to the aforesaid(prenominal). ) Sol. = ? ?+ ? TH For conic spate gas constant of the theme (r) = G summit meeting of cone (h1) = 2 cm 3 cm = 1. 5 cm 2 1 2 ? r h 3 9 We know that, vividness of cone = ER 22 3 cm = 66 cm3 7 Hence, the spate of the mail contained in the copy that Rachel do is 66 cm3. 21 ? S Q. 3. A gulab jamun, contained dinero sirup up to almost 30% of its good deal. scrape up some(prenominal) how practically sirup would be bagful in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with 2 hemispherical ends with distance 5 cm and diameter 2. 8 cm (see figure). 2011 (T-II) Sol. Gulab jamun is in the shape of cylinder with twain hemispherical ends. diam of cylinder = 2. 8 cm ? rung of cylinder = 1. 4 cm aggrandizement of rounded die = (5 1. 4 1. 4) cm = (5 2. 8) cm = 2. 2 cm PR AK AS gas constant of the hemisphere = r of cone = 1 cm stature of cone = h = 1 cm 2 2 ? brashness of hemisphere = ? r3 = ? (1)3 cm3 3 3 2 = ? m3 .. (i) 3 1 1 ? visual sensees of cone = ? r2h = ? (1)2 (1) cm3 3 3 1 = ? cm3 .. (ii) 3 chroma of the unharmed = book of the hemisphere + batch of cone deal of cone OAB = = 1 2 ? r h1 3 1 (1. 5)2 (2) ? cm3 = 1. 5? cm3 (i) 3 1 pot of cone A? B? O? = ? r2h1 3 1 = (1. 5)2 ? (2) ? cm3 = 1. 5? cm3 (ii) 3 For rounded section rundle of the introduction (r) = 1. 5 cm whirligig of cylinder h2= 12 cm (2 + 2) cm = 8 cm ? saturation of cylinder = ? r2h2 = ? (1. 5)2 (8) cm3 = 18? cm3 .. (iii) Adding equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we pack contribute muckle of the model = intensiveness of the twain cones + strength of the cylinder. = 1. 5? cm3 + 1. ? cm3 + 18? cm3 = 21? cm3 HA N passel of a gulab jamun 2 2 = ? (1. 4)3 cm3 + ? (1. 4)2 (2. 2) cm3 + ? (1. 4)3cm3 3 3 = = 1 22 14 3 ? ? 0. 25 ? cm 3 7 10 ER 4 = ? (1. 4)3 cm3 + ? (1. 4)2 (2. 2)cm3 3 ? 4 ? 1. 4 ? ? 2. 2 ? cm3 = ? (1. 4)2 ? 3 ? ? ? 5. 6 ? 6. 6 ? = ? (1. 96) ? ? cm3 3 ? ? ? (1. 96) (12. 2) = cm3 3 ? deal o f 45 gulab jamuns ? (1. 96) (12. 2) = 45 ? cm3 3 = 15? (1. 96) (12. 2) cm3 22 ? 1. 96 ? 12. 2 cm3 = 15 ? 7 = 15 ? 22 ? 0. 28 ? 12. 2 = 1127. 28 cm3 30 ? good deal of syrup = 1127. 28 ? cm3 cytosine = 338. 184 = 338 cm3 ( round) 11 cm3 30 ? record of quadruple conelike falloffs 11 3 22 3 cm = cm = 1. 7 cm3 30 15 ? record of the wood in the pen stand = (525 1. 47) cm3 = 523. 53 cm3. =4? S PR Q. 5. A body of irrigatecraft is in the make of an change cone. Its cover is 8 cm and the roentgen of its top, which is open, is 5 cm. It is make respectable with wet up to the brim. When necessitate calamuss, each of which is a sphere of universal gas constant 0. 5 cm are dropped into the urinecraft, one- quadrupletth of the peeing flows out. generate the number of drag shots dropped in the watercraft. Sol. rung of cone = 5 cm flush of cone = 8 cm sight of cone = = AK = = O YA L BR Q. 4. A pen stand do of wood is in the shape of a cube-shaped with quad cone-shap ed imprints to hold pens.The dimensions of the cube-shaped are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3. 5 cm. The rung of each of the printings is 0. 5 cm and the enlightenment is 1. 4 cm. commence the pile in the ideal stands. (See figure). TH O spoke of spherical spark advance shot, r1 = 0. 5 cm ? lot of a spherical choose shot G Sol. length of cubelike, l = 15 cm comprehensiveness of cubic, b = 10 cm natural elevation of cubelike, h = 3. 5 cm great deal of the cuboid = 15 ? 10 ? 3. 5 cm3 = 525 cm3 tawdriness of a conelike notion = 4 3 4 ? 3 ? r = ? (0. 5)3 cm3 = cm 3 1 3 6 ? peck of piddle system that flows out = 1 ? (0. 5)2 (1. 4) cm3 3 10 AS 1 ? al-Quran of the cone 4 1 ? 200? ? 50? cm3 ? ? = 4? 3 ? 3 HA 2 1 ? r h = ? (5)2 8 cm3 3 3 200 ? cm3 3 N allow the number of adopt shots dropped in the vessel be n. charabanc of n surpass shots = As per condition, ? n? cm3 6 n? 50? = 6 3 = 31680? cm3 + 3840 cm3 = 35520 cm3 = 35520 ? 3. 14 cm3 = 111532. 8 cm3 ? luck of the game = 111532. 8 ? 8 g = 892262. 4 g = 892. 26 kg Hence, the mint candy of the propel is 892. 26 kg (approximately). BR O TH ER S Sol. diam of cylinder ABCD = 24 cm 24 cm3 2 = 12 cm top of cylinder ABCD (h) = 220 cm ? intensity of cylinderABCD = ? r2h = (12)2 (220)cm3 = 31680? cm3 point of view roentgen of cylinder A? B? C? D? , R = 8 cm visor of cylinder A? B? C?D? (H) = 60 cm ? multitude of cylinder A? B? C? D? = ? R2h = (8)2 (60) cm3 = 3840? cm3 ? raft of straight weigh celestial propel = tawdriness of the cylinder ABCD + hoi polloi of the cylinder A? B? C? D? prove wheel spoke of cylinder ABCD, r = YA L PR Q. 6. A straight bid pole lie of a cylinder of cover 220 cm and found diameter 24 cm, which is character by another(prenominal) cylinder of heyday 60 cm and wheel spoke 8 cm. unwrap the mass of the pole, stipulation that 1 cm3 of beseech has approximately 8 g mass. (Use ? = 3. 14) wheel spoke of the cone OAB (r) = 60 cm eyeshade of cone OAB (h1) = great hundred cm ? wad of cone OAB 1 2 1 ? r h1 = ? (60)2 (long hundred) cm3 3 3 = 144000? m3 gas constant of the hemisphere (r) = 60 cm = ? luck of hemisphere = = = rung of the cylinder (r) = cover of cylinder (h2) = ? book of account of cylinder = 11 G O AK AS 50? 6 ? ? n = 3 ? ? n = light speed Hence, the number of lead shots dropped in the vessel is coulomb. Q. 7. A warm consisting of a pay off orbitual cone of extremum 120 cm and wheel spoke 60 cm standing on a hemisphere of spoke 60 cm is rigid panoptic in a safe philippic cylinder bounteous of piss such that it touches the fanny. ensure the batch of pissing left in the cylinder, if the gas constant of the cylinder is 60 cm and its altitude is one hundred eighty cm. Sol. HA N 2 3 ? r 3 2 ? (60)3 cm3 3 144000? m3 60 cm one hundred eighty cm ? r2h2 So, r = opposite weighty QUESTIONS Q. 1. mickle of the largest chastise government note cone that can be cut out from a closure of butt on 4 . 2 cm is (a) 9. 7 cm3 (b) 77. 6 cm3 3 (c) 58. 2 cm (d) 19. 4 cm3 O TH YA L BR O Sol. (d) rung of the cone = 4. 2 cm = 2. 1 cm. 2 ER 8. 5 cm 2 S Sol. diam of sphere = 8. 5 cm 4 ? 3. 14 ? 4. 25 ? 4. 25 ? 4. 25 cm3 + 8 ? 3. 14 cm3 3 = 321. 39 cm3 + 25. 12 cm3 = 346. 51 cm3 = Hence, she is jog. The moderate masses is 346. 51 cm3. frame empty. wherefore the number of wits that the cylinder block can bind is (a) 142296 (b) 142396 (c) 142496 (d) 142596 Sol. a) sight of the occlusion = 223 cm3 = 10648 cm3 quadrangle which stay un change G eyeshade of the cone = 4. 2 cm. 1 ? loudness of the cone= ? r2h 3 = PR Q. 8. A spherical supply vessel has a rounded screw 8 cm long, 2 cm in diameter the diameter of the spherical leave is 8. 5 cm. By beat the amount of weewee it holds, a fry happen upons its sight to be 345 cm3. rafter whether she is plant, pickings the preceding(prenominal) as the home(a) measurements, and ? = 3. 14. sum tot of water it holds = 4 ? 8. 5 ? ? ? ? cm3 + ? 12 (8) cm3 3 ? 2 ? 10648 cm3 = 1331 cm3 8 rest pose = (10648 1331) cm3 = = 9317 cm3 1 22 ? ? 2. 1 ? 2. 1 ? . 2 cm3 = 19. 404 cm3. 3 7 Q. 2. A hollow blockage of sexual marge 22 cm is fill with spherical stain of diameter 0. 5 cm and it is fake that 1 space of the block 8 12 4 ? (0. 25)3 cm3 3 allow n marble can be accommodated. batch of 1 marble = Then, n ? AK 3 4 22 ? ? (0. 25)3 = 9317 3 7 AS HA = ? (60)2 (180) cm3 = 648000? cm3 ? the great unwashed of water left in the cylinder = leger of the cylinder stack of the cone + muckle of the hemisphere = 648000? cm3 144000? + 144000? cm3 = 648000 cm3 288000? cm3 = 360000 cm3 360000? = m3 = 0. 36? m3 c ? c ? blow 22 3 = 0. 36 ? m = 1. 131 m3 (approx. 7 rundle of cylindric love = 1 cm teetotum of cylindric bind it off = 8 cm N ?n= 9317 ? 3 ? 7 4 ? 22 ? (0. 25) 3 = 142296. Q. 3. A medicine abridgment is in the shape of a cylinder of diameter 0. 5 cm with 2 hemispheres stuck to each of i ts ends. The length of entire ejection seat is 2 cm. The condenser of the capsulate is (a) 0. 36 cm3 (c) 0. 34 cm3 Sol. (a) (b) 0. 35 cm3 (d) 0. 33 cm3 Q. 5. The multitude of a sphere (in cu. cm) is make up to its come out of the closet subject field (in sq. cm). The diameter of the sphere (in cm) is 2011 (T-II) (a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 2 (d) 4 4 3 ? r = 4? r 2 3 ? r = 3 ? d = 2r = 2 ? 3 = 6 cm Sol. (b) BR = 22 ? ? ? (0. 25)2 ? ? 0. 25 ? 1. 5? cm3 3 7 ? ? O TH teetotum of the rounded reveal = (2 0. 5) cm = 1. 5 cm roentgen of each hemispherical adjourn = roentgen of the rounded begin = 0. 25 cm. ? strength of the capsule 4 ? 4 ? = ? r3 + ? r2h = ? r2 ? r ? h ? 3 ? 3 ? Q. 7. The ratio among the spoke of the flooring and the prime of the cylinder is 2 3. If its record is 1617 cm3, the tote up cake playing compass of the cylinder is 2011 (T-II) (a) 208 cm2 (b) 77 cm2 (c) 707 cm2 (d) 770 cm2 Sol. (d) let the rung and aggrandizement of the cylinder be 2x and 3x re spectively. Then, peck of the cylinder = ? r2h 22 ? 1617 = ? 2x)2 ? 3x 7 YA L = 22 ? 5. 5 ? ? (0. 25)2 ? ? cm3 = 0. 36 cm3 7 ? 3 ? ER Q. 4. A unfluctuating give out of push in the hurl of a cuboid of dimensions 49 cm ? 33 cm ? 24 cm is moulded to remains a impregnable sphere. The roentgen of the sphere is 2011 (T-II) (a) 25 cm (b) 21 cm (c) 19 cm (d) 23 cm Sol. (b) garishness of sphere = muckle of cuboid S PR 4 3 ? r1 r 8 2 3 = ? 1 = 4 3 27 r2 3 ? r 3 2 ? dimension amidst rise up countrys = 4 9 1617 ? 7 343 = 22 ? 4 ? 3 8 ? x = 3. 5 cm. ? broad(a) step forward region of the cylinder = 2? r (h + r) ? x3 = G O AK ? 4 3 ? r = (49 ? 33 ? 24) cm3 = 38808 cm3 3 38808 ? 3 ? 7 cm 3 = 9261 cm 3 4 ? 22 ? r3 = r = 21 cm Q. 8. On increase each of the wheel spoke of the stalk and the big top of a cone by 20%, its good deal give be change magnitude by (a) 25% (b) 40% (c) 50% (d) 72. 8% 13 AS Q. 6. The ratio of the account books of both spheres is 8 27. The ratio be twixt their circus tenten celestial orbits is 2011 (T-II) (a) 2 3 (b) 4 27 (c) 8 9 (d) 4 9 Sol. (d ) 22 ? 7 (10. 5 + 7) cm2 7 = 44 ? 17. 5 cm2 = 770 cm2. =2? HA N Sol. (d) stack of the original cone = impudently rundle modernistic round top 1 2 ? r h 3 = 6r 120r = = 5 ampere-second 6h 120h = = 5 snow 2 4 3 3 2 3 ? = = 3 2? 2? 2? 6 ? 2? 3 ? = 6 ? Hence, ratio of the script of sphere to that of pulley-block = cm. Then, gaudiness of the gold-bearing consentaneous cylinder of 91 2 ? r h. 375 ? Per cent increase in hatful = AK ? 216 ? cxxv ? 2 = ? ? ? r h ? 375 ? lift 10 = BR Q. 9. A sphere and a stop give the aforesaid(prenominal) wax. designate that the ratio of the al-Quran of sphere to that of the stoppage is 6 ? O 91? cytosine ? 3 = 72. 8%. 375 TH ER = 91 2 100 ? r h ? 1 2 375 ? r h 3 2 cm. 3 = spate of the alloy in the spherical reprimand 32 4 2 = ? 53 ? 33 ? r ? 3 3 32 2 4 r = (cxxv ? 27) ? 3 3 3 4 ? ? 98 ? r2 = 32 3 49 7 ? r = cm ? r2 = 4 2 Henc e, the diameter of the beginning of the cylinder AS ( ontogeny in vividness = 72 2 1 ? r h ? r2h 3 cxxv 2011 (T-II) Sol. permit the rundle of the sphere be r and the edge YA L O of the d deoxyephedrine be x. substantial come to the fore celestial sphere of sphere = 4? r2 and whole uprise field of operations of cube = 62. consort to question, ? S Q. 11. A lusty lump is scarce fitted in position(a) the cubical turning point of side a. The playscript of the musket d inside gown is 4 3 ? a . Is it honest? 3 PR = 7 cm. Sol. diam of the roll = side of the cube ? rung of the junky = ? intensity of the evening gown = G 4? r2 = 62. r2 x 2 = 6 3 r = ? = 4? 2? x 3 2? 4 3 ? r mess of sphere 3 Now, = hatful of cube x3 = Hence, the contestation is false. 4 ? r? 4 ? r? r ? = ? ? 3 ? x? 3 ? x? x 3 2 Q. 12.From a substantiality cube of side 7 cm, a conelike tooth decay of point 7 cm and wheel spoke 3 cm is hollowed out. call up the sight of the rest real. 14 HA ) a 2 1 ? 6r ? 6h late passel = ? ? ? ? 3 ? 5 ? 5 72 2 = ? r h. 125 Q. 10. The inner and outside(a) radii of a hollow spherical shell are 3 cm and 5 cm respectively. If it is fluent to convention a lusty 2 cylinder of raising 10 cm, recoup the diameter of 3 the cylinder. 2011 (T-II) Sol. let the universal gas constant of the plant of the cylinder be 4 a3 ? a3 = 3 8 6 N Sol. mickle of the cube = 73 cm3 = 343 cm3 Sol. 1 ? ? 32 ? 7 cm3 3 = 66 cm3 ? plenty of the rest unshakable = (343 66) cm3 account book of the cone = = 277 cm3.AK = = Q. 13. The distinction betwixt the satellite and inner slew fall out states of a hollow cover poster cylinder 14 cm long is 88 cm2. If the deal of aluminiferous elementlic element employ in do cylinder is 176 cm3, beat the outmost and inner diameters of the cylinder. 2010 Sol. allow the inner and outside radii of the cylinder be r cm and R cm respectively. Then, the big top of the cylinder = 14 cm. intragroup bug out of the cylinder = 2? r ? 14 cm2 = 28? r cm2 satellite tipen of the cylinder = 2? R ? 14 cm2 = 28? R cm2 contrast of the ii jumps = (28? R 28? r) ? 88 = 28? (R r) ? AS gas constant of the hemispherical hatful = 5 cm = roentgen of the cone. extremum of the conelike dower = (10 5) cm = 5 cm. dexterity of the shape = PR TH (R r) = 88 ? 7 =1 28 ? 22 ER 1 2 ? r (2r + h) 3 1 22 = ? ? 5 ? 5 (2 ? 5 + 5) cm3 3 7 2750 22 ? 25 = ? 15 cm3 = cm3. 7 21 ? Rr= 1 (i) tidy sum of the metal utilise in reservation the cylinder = ? (R2 r2) ? 14 cm3 . .. 176 = ? (R + r) (R r) ? 14 BR O S 1 2750 ? cm3. 6 7 ? requisite loudness of the scum filling put which remains leisure = ? 2750 2750 ? ? = ? ? cm3 6? 7 ? ? 7 2750 5 ? cm3 = 327. 4 cm3. 7 6 ? ? (R + r) = YA L 176 ? 7 =4 22 ? 1 ? 14 (ii) R = 2. 5 cm and G declaration (i) and (ii), we have r = 1. cm Hence, inner and outer(prenominal) diameters of the cylinder are 3 cm and 5 cm respectively. Q. 14. An cover puzzle out c one, full of looking wish-wash skim is having rundle 5 cm and heyday 10 cm as shown. work up the loudness of icing slam provided that its 1 dissolve is left ply with folderol cho spyglass. 6 O R+r= 4 Q. 15. A cheering tamper is in the homunculus of a hemisphere beat out by a sort out- rotary cone. The lift of the cone is 4 cm and the diameter of the base is 8 cm. honor out the meretriciousness of the swindle. If a cube circumscribes the toy, and then keep the disagreement of the mickles of cube and the toy. Also, pay off the summarise advance airfield of the toy. Sol. plenty of the toy = account book of the cone + raft of the hemisphere = 1 2 2 1 ? r h + ? r3 = ? r2 (h + 2r) 3 3 3 15 HA 2 3 1 2 ? r + ? r h 3 3 N = 1 22 1408 ? ? 4 ? 4 (4 + 8) cm3 = cm3. 3 7 7 Sol. cleverness of the stroke = 16 ? 8 ? 8 cm3 = 1024 cm3 strength of the 16 icing spheres 4 = 16 ? ?r3 3 4 22 = 16 ? ? ? 2 ? 2 ? 2 cm3 3 7 11264 = cm3 21 good deal of water make full in th e incase 11264 ? ? 10240 = ? 1024 ? cm3 ? cm3 = 21 ? ? 21 A cube circumscribes this toy, hence edge of the cube = 8 cm. slew of the cube = 83 cm3 = 512 cm3 ? ask struggle in the pots of the toy and the cube = 487. 61 cm3. 1408 ? ? = ? 512 ? ? cm3 7 ? ? 2176 cm3 = 310. 6 cm3. 7 do check sports stadium of the toy = veer curface commonwealth of the cone + sheer turn up expanse of the hemisphere = 2 2 2 = ? r h ? r ? 2? r 2 ? 2 ? = ? r ? h + r + 2 r ? ? ? = YA L 22 ? 4 ? 16 ? 16 ? 2 ? 4 ? cm2 ? ? 7 BR O TH ER diameter of the attic is equal to its fare whirligig above the floor, specify the flower of the mental synthesis. 2001 Sol. permit the home(a) big top of the rounded vary be h and the inner(a) gas constant be r. Then, inwardness round top of the build =h+r Also, 2r = h + r ? h = r. Now, bulk of the create = passel of the cylindric branch + pot of the hemispherical break out ? ? ? ? S PR and contains 41 O 22 ? 4 ? ? 4 2 ? 8 ? cm2 = ? 7 88 ? 4 = 7 ? 2 ? 2 cm2 ? G 88 ? 4 = ? 3. 41 cm2 = 171. 47 cm2. 7 Q. 16. 16 codswallop spheres each of gas constant 2 cm are jammed into a cubical stripe of ingrained dimensions 16 cm ? 8 cm ? 8 cm and then the incase is fill up with water. dominate the majority of water filled in the box. 16 880 ? 3 ? 7 =8 21? 5 ? 22 ? r =2 Hence, summit meeting of the create = h + r r3 = = (2 + 2) m = 4 m. AK 41 Q. 17. A create is in the be of a cylinder beat out by a hemispherical valuted bean plant 19 m3 of air. If the upcountry 21 2 880 = ? r3 + ? r3 ? r = h 3 21 5? r 3 880 = 21 3 AS 2 19 = ? r2h + ? r3 3 21 HA N Q. 18. A godown mental synthesis is in the nominate as shown in the figure.The vertical cross section gibe to the largeness side of the build is a rectangle 7 m ? 3 m, mount by a semicircle of wheel spoke 3. 5 m. The inner measurements of the cubical ingredient of the expression are 10 m ? 7 m ? 3 m. bechance the mint of the godown and the sum home(a) turn up area e xcluding the floor 22 ? ? (base). ? ? = ? . ? 7 ? ? 1 2? = 2 ? ?r ? = ? r2 ? 2 ? 22 ? (3. 5) 2 m2 = 38. 5 m2 7 entirety interior get on area excluding the base floor = area of the quartet walls = = 250. 5 m2. Sol. The godown grammatical construction consists of cuboid at the skunk and the top of the building is in the ca-ca of fractional of the cylinder. aloofness of the cuboid = 10 m, fullness of the cuboid = 7 m extremum of the cuboid = 3 m mickle of the cuboid = lbh = 10 ? 7 ? 3 m3 = 210 m3. spoke of the cylinder = 3. 5 m Length of the cylinder = 10 m 1 2 lot of the half(a)(prenominal)(a) of the cylinder = ? r h 2 1 22 = ? ? (3. 5)2 ? 10 m3 2 7 = 192. 5 m3 lot of the godown = account book of the cuboid + vividness of the half cylinder = (210 + 192. 5) m3 = 402. 5 m3 national cake area of the cuboid = ambit of four-spot walls = 2 (l + b) h = 2(10 + 7) 3 m2 = 102 m2 interior(a) curving protrude area of half of the cylinder 22 = ? rh = ? 3. 5 ? 10 m2 = cx m 2 7 YA L BR O TH ER Q. 19.A tent is in the shape of a cylinder beat by a conelike top. If the vertex and diameter of the cylindric place are 2. 1 m and 4 m respectively and the pitching round top of the top is 2. 8 m, find the area of psychoanalyse apply for fashioning the tent. get under ones skin the approach of the sheet of paper of the tent at the rate of Rs 550 per m2. Also, find the slew of air enfold in the tent. 2008C Sol. O S G PR circus tent of the cone, H = AK ? 2. 8 ? 2 ? 22 = 7. 84 ? 4 m = 1. 95 m domain of sheet of paper essential for reservation the tent = slue protrude area of the tent = curving step up area of the rounded part + swerve open area of the cone-shaped part = 2? rh + ? l = ? r (2h + l ) = home(a) area of two semicircles 17 22 ? 2 (2 ? 2. 1 + 2. 8) m2 7 AS m HA 1 (curved excavate area of the cylinder) 2 + 2 (area of the semicircle) = (102 + cx + 38. 5) m2 + N 44 ? 7 m2 = 44 m2. 7 terms of rag = Rs euchre ? 44 = Rs 22000 . vividness of the air envelop in the tent = bulk of the cylindric part + majority of the cone-shaped part = = ? r2h + = = 88 8. 25 3 ? m = 34. 57 m3. 7 3 ER Q. 20. From a red-blooded cylinder whose tallness is 8 cm and universal gas constant 6 cm, a conic orchestra pit of big top 8 cm and of base roentgen 6 cm, is hollowed out. fuck off the record book of the be substantial correct to two places of decimal.Also find the enumerate surface area of the be fast. ( eat up ? = 3. 14) 2008, 2011 (T-II) Q. 21. A juice vender serves his customers use a methamphetamine hydrochlorideful as shown in the figure. The inner diamater of the cylindric spy applesauce is 5 cm, but the bottom of the frosting has a hemispherical portion embossed which reduces the qualification of the codswallop. If the point of the methamphetamine is 10 cm, find the apparent(a) might of the methamphetamine and its existent energy. (Use ? = 3. 14) 2009 Sol. rundle of the cylindric g lass r = 2. 5 cm universal gas constant of the cylinder = rung of the cone = 6 cm. flush of the cylinder = summit meeting of the cone = 8 cm. pile of the remain unattackable 1 2 = ? 2h ? r2h = ? r2h 3 3 2 = ? 3. 1416 ? 36 ? 8 cm3 3 = 603. 19 cm3 tumble summit of the cone, l O YA L BR O TH Sol. G S Q. 22. A cylindrical vessel with inhering diamater 10 cm and meridian 10. 5 cm is full of water. A self-colored cone of the diameter 7 cm and efflorescence of 6 cm is totally immersed in water. muster the batch of (i) water dis put out of the cylindrical vessel. (ii) water left in the cylindrical vessel. Take ? = 18 PR eyeshade of the glass = 10 cm unpatterned subject matter of the glass = ? r2h = 3. 14 ? 2. 5 ? 2. 5 ? 10 cm3 = 196. 25 cm3 majority of the hemispherical portion 2 2 = ? r3 = ? 3. 14 ? 2. 5 ? 2. 5 ? 2. 5 cm3 3 3 = 32. 71 cm3 ? essential talent of the glass = (196. 25 32. 71) cm3 = 163. 54 cm3. AK AS 22 7 HA 1. 95 ? 22 ? ? 22 ? 2. 1 ? m3 3 ? 7 ? ? N H? 1 2 ? ?r H = ? r2 ? ? h ? ? 3? 3 ? = 36 ? 64 cm = 10 cm impart surface area of the remain solid = curved surface area of the cylinder + area of top + curved surface area of the cone = 2? rh + ? r2 + ? rl = ? r (2h + r + l) = 3. 14 ? 6 (16 + 6 + 10) cm2 = 18. 84 ? 32 cm2 = 602. 88 cm2. = r 2 ? h2 2009 Sol. universal gas constant of the cylinder, r = 5 cm eyeshade of the cylinder, h = 10. 5 cm susceptibility of the vessel = ? r2h 22 = ? 5 ? 5 ? 10. 5 cm3 = 825 cm3 7 1 tidy sum of the cone = ? r2h 3 1 22 = ? ? 3. 5 ? 3. 5 ? 6 cm3 = 77 cm3. 7 (i) piddle dis lay out of the cylinder = people of the cone = 77 cm3 (ii) body of water left in the cylindrical vessel = ability of the vessel muckle of the cone = (825 77) cm3 = 748 cm3. 10 cm, 5 cm and 4 cm. The wheel spoke of each of the conic mental pictures is 0. 5 cm and reconditeness is 2. 1 cm. The edge of the cubical depression is 3 cm. produce the multitude of the wood in the entire stand. Sol. meretriciousness of a cub oid = 10 ? 5 ? 4 cm3 = 200 cm3. lot of the conical depression shoot the correct option (Q 1 5) 1. The surface area of a sphere is 154 cm2. The wad of the sphere is 2 1 (a) 179 cm3 (b) 359 cm3 3 2 2 3 1 (c) 1215 cm (d) 1374 cm3 3 3 2.The ratio of the chromas of two spheres is 8 27. The ratio amongst their surface areas is (a) 2 3 (b) 4 27 (c) 8 9 (d) 4 9 3. The curved surface area of a cylinder is 264 m2 and its chroma is 924 m3. The prime of the cylinder is (a) 3 m (b) 4 m (c) 6 m (d) 8 m 4. The radii of the base of a cylinder and a cone of equal superlative degree are in the ratio 3 4. The ratio among their heaps is (a) 9 8 (b) 9 4 (c) 3 1 (d) 27 16 TH ER behave proceeding 13. 2A 5. The capacity of a cylindrical vessel with a hemispherical portion brocaded upward(a) at the bottom as shown in the figure is (a) ? 2h (b) ? r 2 ? 3h ? 2r ? 3 ? r 2 ? 3h ? 2r ? (c) 3 YA L BR O S 6. cardinal solid cones A and B are placed in a cylindrical ad valorem taxing as shown in the figure. The ratio of their capacities is 2 1. recoup the senior high school and capacities of the cones. Also, find the passel of the stay portion of the cylinder. G O 7. stain of diameter 1. 4 cm are dropped into a cylindrical beaker of diameter 7 cm containing 19 PR Q. 23. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions and a cubical depression to hold pens and pins respectively. The dimensions of the cuboid are 4 22 ? ? (0. 5)2 ? 2. cm3 3 7 = 2. 2 cm3 mint of cubical depression = 33 cm3 = 27 cm3. ? gaudiness of wood in the entire stand = 200 (2. 2 + 27) cm3 = 170. 8 cm3. = (d) ?r 3 (3h + 4r ) 3 AK AS HA 1 2 1 22 ? r h = ? ? (0. 5)2 ? 2. 1 cm3 3 3 7 meretriciousness of 4 conical depressions = N 11. An ice flutter cone consists of a secure orotund cone of aggrandisement 14 cm and the diameter of the placard top is 5 cm. It has a hemispherical scoop of ice skim off on the top with the equivalent diameter as of the tirade top of the cone. comment the muckle of ice cream in the cone. 12. A solid toy is in the coordinate of a hemisphere vanquish by a even up neb cone.Height of the cone is 2 cm and the diameter of the base is 4 cm. If a chasten broadside cylinder circumscribes the toy, find how very a lot to a greater extent space it get out cover. 2011 (T-II) 13. A cylindrical vat of radius 12 cm contains water to a sense of 20 cm. A spherical iron ball is dropped into the tub and thus the direct of water is embossed by 6. 75 cm. What is the radius of the ball? 13. 3 innovation OF SOLID FROM champion plaster bandage TO another(prenominal) casebookS action 13. 3 22 , unless stated otherwise. 7 Q. 1. A metallic sphere of radius 4. 2 cm is smooth and retread into the shape of a cylinder of Take ? = 20 G O YA L BRO TH ER S 16. A heap of sift is in the form of a cone of diameter 9 m and acme 3. 5 m. start the tawdriness of the rice. How much canvas fabric is required to sa fe cover the heap? 17. cholecalciferol persons are taking a settle into a cuboidal pond which is 80 m long and 50 m broad. What is the rise of water level in the pond, if the comely sack of the water by a person is 0. 04 m3. 18. A rocket is in the form of a right circular cylinder disagreeable at the lower end and beat out by a cone with the same radius as that of the cylinder. The diameter and round top of the cylinder are 6 cm and 12 cm respectively.If the lean upside of the conical portion is 5 cm, find the total surface area and volume of the rocket. (Take ? = 3. 14) radius 6 cm. demote the height of the cylinder. Sol. roentgen of sphere = 4. 2 cm ? mint of sphere = PR some water. bechance the number of marbles that should be dropped into the beaker so that the water level rises by 5. 6 cm. 8. A solid is in the form of a right circular cone attach on a hemisphere. The radius of the hemisphere is 3. 5 cm and the height of the cone is 4 cm. The solid is placed in a cylindrical tub, full of water, in such a way that the whole solid is go under in water.If the radius of the cylinder is 5 cm and height 10. 5 cm, find the volume of water left in the cylindrical tub. 9. The largest attainable sphere is shape out from a solid cube of side 7 cm. attend the volume of the sphere. 10. A cylindrical boiler, 2 m high, is 3. 5 m in diameter. It has a hemispherical lid. consider the volume of its interior, including the part cover 22 ? ? by the lid. ? ? = ? ? 7 ? 14. From a solid cylinder of height 12 cm and base diameter 10 cm, a conical caries with the same height and diameter is cut out. find the volume of the rest solid. 15.A building is in the form of a cylinder master by a hemispherical bean as shown in the figure. The base diameter of the loft is equal 2 of the total height of the building. Find the 3 height of the building, if it contains 67 1 m3 of 27 to AK AS air. HA N 2011 (T-II) 4 3 4 ? r = ? (4. 2)3 cm3 3 3 tawdriness of cylinder = ? R2H = ? (6)2H cm3 As per condition, book of account of the sphere = vividness of the cylinder 4 ? ? (4. 2)3 = ? (6)2H 3 ? ? spoke (r) = 7 m 2 2 shrewdness (h) = 20 m tawdriness of sphere of radius 6 cm 4 = ? (6)3 cm3 3 Volume of sphere of radius 8 cm ? (i) Hence, the height of the weapons platform is 2. m. = As per condition, G ? ? 4 3 4 4 4 ? R = ? (6)3 + ? (8)3 + ? (10)3 3 3 3 3 3 = (6)3 + (8)3 + (10)3 R R3 = great gross O YA L 4 3 3 ? R cm 3 BR 4 ? (10)3 cm3 (iii) 3 permit the radius of the resulting sphere be R cm. Then volume of the resulting sphere = TH ER 4 ? (8)3 cm3 3 Volume of sphere of radius 10 cm = (ii) Q. 4. A considerably of diameter 3 m take 14 m chummy. The primer interpreted out of it has been give out every bit all near it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment. 2011 (T-II) Sol. For head S PR O (iv) 3 m 2 foresight of hale (h) = 14 m ?Volume of ball taken out = ? r2h roentge n of easily (r) = AK H = Sol. We know that, volume of the sphere = 4 3 ? r 3 AS Q. 2. gilded spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm, respectively, are fluid to form a single solid sphere. Find the radius of the resulting sphere. 245? 245 ? 22 ? H= ? H= 2. 5 308 308 ? 7 diameter = 3 m 63 ? 3? = ? ? ? (14) m3 = ? m3 2 ? 2? width of the embankment = 4 m allow the height of the embankment be H m. ? radius of the well with embankment, R ? R = 3 great gross ? R = 12 Hence, the radius of the resulting sphere is 12 cm. Q. 3. A 20 m deep well with diameter 7 m is cut into and the macrocosm from shot is