Comprehensive Immigration Reform Opposition

Thorough Immigration Reform Opposition Contentions against Comprehensive Immigration Reform Maybe the most broadly held issue with thorough movement change is that it is amnestyâ for individuals who have overstepped the law, and absolution will just energize progressively illicit outsiders toâ come into the nation. Rivals point to movement change endeavors during the Reagan organization, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, that allowed absolution to unlawful settlers. That relief openedâ the entryway to another influx of unlawful relocation, rivals state, thus will the arrangement to permit 11â million illicit occupants to remain in the nation. In any case, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., one of the Senates Gang of Eight who helped style theâ framework for exhaustive change, puts forth the defense that failing to address the 11 millionâ unlawful occupants is in itself an accepted acquittal. Since the national government has noâ realistic capacity to expel the 11 million, or to imprison them, there long haul residenceâ in the nation is basically guaranteed. Disregarding the issue is a type of absolution, McCain and otherâ reformers contend. New Reform Efforts Come With Tougher Conditions Additionally, dissimilar to the reprieve arrangement of 1986, 2013 change recommendations force stringentâ requirements on illicit outsiders. They should learn English. They should clear foundation checks.â They should make good on charges and duties. Furthermore, they should move to the rear of the line, behind those waitingâ to enter the nation through the legitimate procedure. Complete change is out of line to those outsiders who are playing by the rules.Even numerous migrant supporters contend that it isnt option to give the 11 million who entered theâ country illicitly uncommon status that is inaccessible to different settlers who are going throughâ the lawful procedure and attempting to come here the correct way. Yet, President Obamas plan and the one haggled by the Gang of Eight both necessitate that the 11â millions pathway to citizenship begins behind those as of now in line. The two plans dismiss the ideaâ of sped up treatment for undocumented occupants and need to remunerate the individuals who have been workingâ their path through the lawful framework. These illicit outsiders will take employments from American specialists and advance a decrease in wagesâ overall, which is terrible for the U.S economy. Study after investigation and many accounts have disproved these contentions. They are bothâ really wrong. To begin with, there are a huge number of essential employments over the United States that Americanâ workers simply won't do at any cost. There are likewise a large number of occupations that go unfilled becauseâ no certified American laborer can be found to do them. Can U.S. Economy Run Without Foreign Labor? Actually foreigner work is basic to filling essential occupations that make the U.S. economy run. States that have instituted unforgiving laws against unlawful foreigners have discovered this outâ first hand. Arizona and Alabama, specifically, persevered through serious harm and expensive work deficiencies in their agricultureâ and the travel industry businesses in the wake of passing laws intended to drive illicit foreigners out of the state. Indeed, even states without migration laws are subject to worker work. In Florida, immigrantsâ are fundamental to horticulture and the cordiality businesses. The travel industry would crumple withoutâ them. Undocumented laborers negligibly affect the wages of archived laborers that work atâ the same firm, as per a paper discharged in March by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.â Recorded laborers at firms that additionally utilize undocumented specialists acquire 0.15 percent less orâ $56 less every year on normal than they would in the event that they worked at a firm that doesn't employâ undocumented laborers, as per the investigation. Truth be told, laborers in retail and recreation and friendliness really gain marginally more cash whenâ their firms enlist undocumented laborers, since having more workers permits them to specialize,â according to the examination paper.

Impacts of internet usage on Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia Essay

Effects of web utilization on Egypt, Syria, and Tunisia - Essay Example In Arab nations like Bahrain and, Saudi Arabia bloggers were caught and avowed. They have been butchered by their organizations in specific cases. The frameworks improvement began in Arab nations on spring 2010 that expanded the subject of Internet’s option to use as a human right and unveiled the kind of power certain despot lawmaking body holds over the people and the Internet (Abdulla, 2007). The evening of January 27, 2011 the Egyptian organization under President Hosni Mubarak shut down the Internet. On January 27, 2011, certain destinations were hindered in Egypt. On Tuesday, January 25, 2011, the State Security assessment Service, Amn El Dawla, mentioned Twitter organization to square it. On the following day, Face book was likewise shut down. The Short message administration (SMS) was blocked also on Thursday. Renesys detailed that for all intents and purposes all tracks to Egyptian frameworks were brought down meanwhile. It was ‘in expansion detailed that the Eg yptian’ governing body shut down authentic Domain Name Servers (DNS). Issues concerning Egypt, Syria and Tunisia Around then the Egyptian assembly primarily directed, what educational information navigated the country and dealt with the country through the Internet. ... Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo. The entire internal structure was impeded. Jim Cowie, the head advancement official of Renesys remarked, â€Å"With the extent of their power outage and the degree of their associated occupant complete, it is a phenomenal event† (Hachten and Scotten, 2011). In Egypt during that time allotment, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) were endorsed by the organization. There existed only four ISPs, for example, Link Egypt, Vodafone Egypt/Raya, Telecom Egypt, and EtisalatMisr. The lawmaking body specialists mentioned them to shut down through calls. Vodafone expressed on its web space that versatile drivers in Egypt had been compelled to cut off utility in specific zones and had no choice in the issue. Overall, affected by the Internet power the common laborers of Egypt had no Internet induction at their homes. As per the nonappearance of qualified information, various showed against the shutdown of the internet providers in Egypt. Some have fought that th e shutdown's impact was a counter to the governing body's desire as an enormous number of individuals left their homes to get useful information and thus joined to confront difficulties (Relations, 2011). One broadening Ramses Street in Cairo was unequivocally centered around the grounds that the house had a relationship with five fundamental framework bunches in Egypt that outfitted a significant piece of the Internet flood dealing with the country. It has been talked about, if the council carefully messed with the programming that guides correspondence between the Internet sorts out or on the off chance that they basically cut off the capacity to the switches. Face book, Twitter, and Youtube Effects Both, Face book, and Twitter were in another way and

Four Truths and a Lie Essay Example for Free

Four Truths and a Lie Essay Introduction†¦ Have you at any point said a fact? All things considered, you state truth 99.8% of your discussion every day! You are destined to said a fact by playing †truth, dare, twofold dare, kiss, love game. Then again, have you at any point lied? Negligently, I think everybody have lied at any rate once in their life since they need to do it to causes themselves. Me, Kaitlyn Phan has 1 sister and 1 sibling named Lana and Joe, and I live my mum and kin here. I have 4 old buddies named: Michelle Tsang, Chriselle Lee, Lindy Sohn and Melody Lim! I live in Singapore one of the busiest and transcontinental nation (well, place) on the planet. I have lived such huge numbers of nations since my father is†¦ Busy man! For example, Melbourne, Vietnam, Philippines and†¦ Singapore. I find moving school a few times hard, on the grounds that not every person is inviting, there is consistently twit, wannabes, and increasingly irritating stuff. In this way, let’s start the round of Three Truths and 1 lie†¦ Part 1 Start the game! â€Å"Have you at any point knew about Boy Bands?† Lindy asked me one morning, shouting. I realized she knew it, since it was on this month’s issue of Pretty Girl’s magazine. â€Å"Obliviously! You think I’m dumb?† I kidded. â€Å"Hey!† Mish (Michelle) bounced into our discussion. Mish wants to talk and fashion†¦ She is additionally energetic. â€Å"We were simply discussing Boy Bands†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I feigned exacerbation rapidly, so I don’t look insane. â€Å"Like, what?† â€Å"Don’t know.† Ding-Dong! The chime rang not surprisingly (what else?) Fortunately this year we are in same class, and there were HUGE possibility that we won’t be as one in light of the fact that there are 11 classes this year. Lot’s of individuals thinks, my school is fascinating in light of the fact that we start and 7:25 and end at 1:30 (just for Monday to Wednesday. Thursday to Friday is 7:20 to 1:30.) Younger children like my sister who is in Grade 1 beginnings school on early afternoon to 6:50, and mum thinks that its somewhat badly arranged. â€Å"Have you at any point played four facts and 1 lie?† Chriselle, an admirer of tech stuff and games asked in an energizing tone. â€Å"Well, we’ve played Truths or Dare?† â€Å"Yeah!† â€Å"Is it like I Never game?† Melody addressed. â€Å"Well, here it goes.† Mish started. â€Å"One individual records three realities about themselves, aside from one of the realities is a falsehood. Make certain to be irregular about the request for your realities. Additionally attempt to present the realities in a similar voice, so you dont part with the falsehood. Examples:†¨ #1 I love chocolate cake to such an extent. #2 My sibling goes to college in USA with his cousins. #3 Two summers prior my family got away to China. The others need to figure which one is an untruth. Everybody will know how every other person has casted a ballot. †¨The individual clears up everything by saying the untruth for example #2 was an untruth. They may likewise clarify the conditions for the other two realities. Every other person may discuss how they were tricked or made sense of which was the lie.† â€Å"Why don’t we simply get started?† Chriselle and I chorused. We as a whole applauded and escaped the school working to the play area.

Study And Comparison Of Islamic Bank Performance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Islamic banking in Pakistan started around not more than three decades ago with an program to eliminate interest from specialized institutions and commercial banks in 1977-78, but serious efforts have been made only recently when in January 2000, State Bank of Pakistan constituted a Commission for Transformation of Financial System (CTFS) to introduce Shariah compliant modes of financing, and, on 15 September 2003, when the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)established the Islamic Banking Department. As a result of these serious efforts, Islamic banking is now playing an important role in financing and contributing to different economic and social sectors in the country in compliance with the principles of Islamic Shariah. Islamic banks in Pakistan currently amount to only six in number and majority of these Islamic banks started their operations only recently except Meezan Bank Limited, which has been in operation for around a decade now. On the contrary, conventional commercial banks in Pakistan are comparatively very large in both, size and number, and majority of them have been operating for decades. Currently, Conventional Commercial Banks in Pakistan heavily outperform the Islamic banks in terms of market share and profitability figures, but analyzing figures of growth rates in factors such as market share, asset base and profits, Islamic banks have been following steep graphs lately. The paper that follows is an attempt to analyze various measures and figures showing that Islamic banks have great potential and a promising future in the countrys bank industry. The paper also throws light on the measurement technique, ROE (return on equity) and the economic concept of the market for lemons (George Akerlof), which tend to undermine the performance of Islamic Banks in the industry. Many studies can be found on the performance of Islamic and commercial banks taken apart, but no substantial research on compar ative analysis of both can be detected in the literature on banking as such. Economic development and financial sector development are linked and inter related with one another. Efficient financial sector and functioning plays an important role in the stage of growth of the economy as well as in containing and improving the living standard of its population. Banking system in an economy operates just like blood circulatory system in a body. Just as an efficient blood circulation system ensures healthy body, an equitable banking system ensures economic efficiency and corporate strength. Pakistan has quite a sound and well established banking industry consisting of both Islamic and commercial banks. Commercial Banking dates to almost as far back in time as the country itself. Islamic banking, on the contrary, is only a recent phenomenon. Moreover, commercial banks greatly outnumber Islamic banks. This is why both extensive and intensive studies have been enormously carried out on c ommercial banks while Islamic banking lags far behind that level of research literature. The focus of this paper, therefore, is going to be primarily more on Islamic Banking and its performance. Rising competition, liberalization, consolidation across banks, globalization, and continuous innovation to establish Islamic financial services have resulted in detailed studies and critical evaluation of financial performance of Islamic banks in recent years. Performance evaluation of banks is not only important for depositors and investors but also for bank managers and regulatory bodies. Depositors and investors make decisions of whether to invest or withdraw in a bank based on their interpretation of the banks performance measures. This is even more so in case of Islamic banks where depositors are not entitled to fixed returns and have unguaranteed nominal values of their deposits. Similarly, managers are keen to judge outcomes of management decisions and need to evaluate performance of their loan service or deposit service to improve their finance system. In competitive financial markets performance, hence, holds utmost importance for both the bank and the customers. Aim:- The paper aims to see through the performance of Islamic banking in comparison to conventional banking in the country. Financial ratios have been used to measure and compare Islamic bank and conventional banks performances in the profitability, liquidity, risk solvency, and efficiency. T-test and F-test are used to determine the significance of the results. For in depth research, Meezan Bank has been initially studied for the overall representation of Islamic Banks against commercial banks. Data and Financial statements of Meezan Bank, over the years are easily available. Scope of the paper:- The paper studies 5 big ones out of the total of 35 commercial banks in Pakistan, which, on the whole, is quite enough to provide substantial room to generalize results. On the Islamic side , there are six full-fledged Islamic banks in the Industry; five are private banks and one is a foreign bank. Amongst them, Meezan Bank Limited (MBL) is the only old, somewhat big and experienced domestic and private Islamic bank in Pakistan operating last for more than six years. Almost all of rest of the Islamic banks in the country started their operations only recently except Albaraka Islamic Bank (AIB) which is a foreign bank operating in the country as branches of AlBaraka Islamic Bank Bahrain since 1991 (Source: AIB). Being a foreign bank, we did not select AIB as Islamic bank for our study because the study is aimed at comparing performance of conventional banks against Islamic banks in Pakistans banking Industry. Also, AIB has been overlooked because it is very small in size. We had an open and wide range of conventional banks to from a group for the paper but data availability, time limitations, and other reasons restricted us to the selection of only 5 conventional banks to compare financial performance with Islamic bank (MBL). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The paper mainly uses secondary method of research to go about proving its point. Research can be broken down into following steps. Finance courses: Finance Concepts learnt in finance courses taken here in university, form the basis of how I have initially approached the topic. Banks Financial Statements: To further analyze and explain the stance taken in the topic, the basic method of research is to gather data and trends shown by the banking industry by studying and cross comparing Annual Financial Statements of various commercial and Islamic banks. In this process, financial statements of Big 5 commercial Banks i.e., MCB Bank Limited  (owned by  Mian Mohammad Mansha), National Bank of Pakistan, Habib Bank Limited and United Bank Limited have been analyzed and their trends of growth rates over the years have been scrutinized. For Islamic banking side, Meezan Bank, the larges t and the oldest of all, has been mainly targeted for financial statement analysis, along with other Islamic banks like Emirates Global Islamic Bank Limited and BankIslami Pakistan Limited. Financial statements can easily be found on the internet or any of the banks branches. Internet: To find data in compiled and shaped out form, internet is a very handy tool. Browsing data on the internet forms an integral part of the research process. Publications: Performance of Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking in Pakistan: A Comparative Study By Muhammad Shehzad Moin, University of Skà ¶vde, is the main reference paper for my report. Other related reference papers from libraries and book shops havel also been searched, studied and properly cited. Finance Experts interviews: Further, gathering direct views and opinions by interviewing professors and practitioners in the finance field is another method that has been employed for the report. Dr. Mohammad Basharullah, visiting Faculty, Suleman Dawood School of Business, Lahore University of Management (LUMS) and Mr. Aneel Iqbal, ACCA, CA, CFA, CMA (silver medalist) were interviewed to enlighten the paper with their thoughts on the comparison between performance of Islamic and commercial banks. State Banks Papers: Also, State Bank of Pakistans publications on Islamic banks performance have been studied and compared against those on commercial banks performance. https://www.sbp.org.pk/departments/Publications.htm is the link to the page that features all publications on Islamic Banks performance on the State Banks Official Website. The main paper studied in regard for our purpose is Pakistans Islamic Banking Sector Review that is available on the above mentioned link. Furthermore, relevant publications have been selected and read from this list of publications on the web link https://www.sbp.org.pk/publications/index2.asp. Learning concepts: For the purpose of the paper, the concepts of profitability ratios Reurn on Equity (ROE), Return on assets (ROA), Profit to Expenses Ratio (PER), and liquidity ratios Loan to deposit ratio (LDR), Cash Portfolio Investment to Deposit Ratio (CPIDR) have been thoroughly gripped. RISK AND SOLVENCY RATIOS and EFFICIENCY RATIOS have been covered to derive empirical results. Furthermore, the market for lemons (George Akerlof) will be deeply scrutinized. Different books and papers on these concepts have been studied to build hold on these concepts. These concepts have then been applied and studied in relevance to the case of Islamic banks performance. The paper explains how these factors tend to undermine the performance of Islamic banks. Introduction to Islamic banking.. Islamic Banks aim to provide banking services that are in accordance with Islamic Principles and Shariah within the complete Islamic financial system, which in turn aims to bring the most benefit to society in terms of equity and prosperity, rather than focusing solely on creating maximum returns on capital (Zaheer and Hassan, 2001: 158). Islamic banking has been defined as banking in consonance with the ethos and value system of Islam and governed, in addition to the conventional good governance and risk management rules, by the principles laid down by Islamic Shariah. Interest free banking is a narrow concept denoting a number of banking instruments or operations, which avoid interest. Islamic banking, the more general term is expected not only to avoid interestbased transactions, prohibited in the Islamic Shariah, but also to avoid unethical practices and participate actively in achieving the goals and objectives of an Islamic Economy (Source: SBP). Islamic banking is t he system of banking consistent with principles of Islamic law (Shariah) and guided by Islamic economics. Islamic economics is referred to that body of knowledge which helps realize human well-being through an allocation and distribution of scarce resources that is in conformity with Islamic teachings without unduly curbing individual freedom or creating continued macroeconomic and ecological imbalances (Chapra 1996). A key element of Islamic economics is distribution of equitable rewards to the different factors of production. Islamic economic system seeks system of Redistributive justice where concentration of wealth in a few hands is countered and flow of money into the economy is fluent. Islamic banking is, therefore, seen as a lynchpin to achieving the economic and social goals of the Islamic economic system. (Source: Bank Alfalah). Islamic banks aim to achieve the socio-economic goals of the Islamic religion which are reaching full-employment, a high rate of economic gro wth, equitable distribution of wealth and income, socioeconomic justice, smooth mobilization of investments and savings while ensuring a fair return for all parties and finally emphasize the stability of money value (Hassan and Mervyn, 2007 Chapra, 1995). For both, commercial and Islamic banks, the basic concepts and objectives hold common. All they differ in is the methodology employed to go about fulfilling those objectives. To be very simple, conventional banking aims to meet these objectives through use of interest- based contracts (Riba) while Islamic banking achieves the same through trade-based contracts. The former is strictly forbidden under the very fundamentals of Islam. But Allah has permitted trading, and prohibited Riba Quran Islamic Banking was actually demanded to implement the divine instructions on all transactions specifically those involving exchange of Money for Money. But, here it is noteworthy to mention that it will be a total injustice to bind Is lamic Banking to the eradication of RIBA only. Riba is one of the most undesirable elements in an economic transaction. Qimar (speculation) and Gharar (risk or uncertainty) are the others. While removal of these objectionable aspects is one of the very critical aims of Islamic banking, it is by no means its ultimate objective. And that which you give in gift (loan) (to others), in order that it may increase (your wealth by expecting to get a better one in return) from other peoples property, has no increase with Allà ¢h; but that which you give in Zakà ¢t (sadaqa charity etc.) seeking Allà ¢hs Countenance, then those, they shall have manifold increase. Sura Ar-Rum (30:39). That they took riba (usury), though they were forbidden and that they devoured menssubstance wrongfully We have prepared for those among men who reject faith agrievous punishment. Sura An-Nisa (4:161). In Muslim societies, limited banking activity can be traced goes back to the time of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Just like all other Islamic teachings, the origin of Islamic finance dates back to the era of The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The Quran and the example of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) provide the model and feature the foundation of Islamic fundamentals to over one billion Muslims round the globe. The Holy Prophet (SAW) happened to be a business man serving as a trader for Hazrat Khadija (May Allah Almighty be pleased with Her). The Prophetic example was the very archetype of fair-trade. Ensuring transparency in transactions, refraining from usury, and honesty entitled him the title of Al- Amin (The trustworthy) in pre-Islamic Arabia. At that time people deposited money with the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). For a long time, some circles argued that Islam prohibits excessive interest only or the interest on consumptive loan. Such lame arguing fails to give due understanding to versus 278 279 of Surah Albaqra (quoted below); O ye who believe! Be afraid of Allah and give up what remains (due to you) from Riba (usury) (from now onwards) if you are (really) believers. (2:278). And if you do not do it, take notice of war from Allah and His messenger! But if you repent, you shall have your capital sums. (2:279). All this does not mean that Islam prohibits any gain on principal sums. In Islam, Profit is the standard incentive reward of capital. When capital employed in Halal business yields profit, that profit has rightful and just claim of the owner of the capital over it. As a corollary, the risk of loss also lies exclusively with the owner of the capital and no other factor of production is should be liable to incur it. Another important element of Islamic Principles is that reward or profit can only be claimed in the instance where effort has been expended or risk of loss has been assumed. Profit is therefore received by the provider/owner of the capital and remuneration by labor/manager of the capital. An Investor in a n Islamic bank can therefore make earnings on his or her deposit through either return on his capital when that capital is employed in a business venture or sharing of profit when his capital is part of capital that is employed in a partnership Halal Business or through rental earnings on an asset that has been partially financed by his capital. Difference between conventional and Islamic banking ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ . Islamic Banking in Pakistan As early as in 1948, the Quaid e Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, emphasized the virtues of Islamic system of finance and in his address at the inauguration of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), said: I shall watch with keenness the work of your Organization in evolving banking practices compatible with Islamic ideas of social and economic life. We must work our destiny in our own way and present to the world an economic system based on true Islamic concept of equality of manhood and social justice. Banks in Pakistan share their 95 percent of the financial sector , therefore good health of bank, development of Pakistan and economic growth directly related with one another. Pakistani banking system, which is composed of 50 to 53 banks. 4 specialized banks 6 Islamic banks 6 micro finance banks 7 Developmental financial institutions 30 commercial banks The banking sector in Pakistan is composed of owned and government banks which are 9 in number, private b anks are 22, privatized banks are 4, foreign banks are 5, development institutions are 7, non member banks are 4 and 2 are the SME banks which are small and medium enterprises. Of all the total system assets, four largest commercial banks make up 44.2 percent, while eight second tier banks account for a further 35 percent indicating moderate concentration Banks of Pakistan have been all the time involved in fulfilling and catering the needs of government organizations, subsidizing the fiscal deficit, engaging in trade financing, and serving large corporations. SME enterprises, housing sector and agriculture sector which are involved in improving growth and employment in Pakistan were deprived of lending. Moreover, financial system in Pakistan was also affected and under the influence of politics. There was utmost political intervention in lending decisions and in the appointment of managers. Over the last 15 years, the privatization of public sector banks , the entrance of pri vate banks and the tightening of prudential regulations have changed the Pakistani banking system. Currently, private sector is controlling nearly 80 percent of the system assets, as opposed to the early 1990s when it (share) was only 10% however government at that time were controlling 90% of the system assets. Moreover, total financial assets have reached 175$ billion which constitute 110% of GDP. The banking system shares 40% of total stock market capitalization and amounts to 95% of the total assets of financial institutions. Deposit base has reached to $60 billion and advancing to $47 billion. However growing financial intermediation has played an important role towards banks aggregate profitability to take to $1.8 billion. Of the entire total paid up capital of all the financial institutions regulated by the state bank of Pakistan, currently foreign stake comes to 47% of it. Islamic banking which was started in 1977-78 in Pakistan, which introduce new laws, included in t he removal and elimination of interest from the operation of specialized institution and commercial banks. There were some amendments were made in the financial system as well as in the corporate sector to allow the issuance of new interest- free instrument of corporate financingnamed, PTC Participation Term certificate. Just at the same time, Ordinance was introduced to permit the establishment of mudarba companies and flotation of Mudarba certificates, with the aim of rising risk based capital. On july 1st, 1948 the pak rupee were made interest free from all the commercial banks. In January 2000. In the state bank of Pakistan, a commission for transforming financial system (CTFS) was constituted to introduce Shariah compliant modes of financing. CTFS was held responsible primarily for creating legal infrastructure conducive for working of Islamic financial system, introducing a good education and training programs for their clients and bankers, and to create awareness for the g eneral public for the Islamic financial system and also to teach them how to deal with major products of banks and financial institutions both for assets and liabilities side. In September 2001, Government of Pakistan decided to make jumped to an idea of interest free economy in a gradual and phased manner without causing any disruptions. It was also the part of the decision that state bank will be considering for establishing subsidiaries by the commercial banks for the aim of carrying out shariah compliant transaction. Specifying branhes by the commercial banks exclusively dealing in Islamic products and, creating new full fleged commercial banks to carry out utterly banking business based on proposed Islamic financial products. On 15th of September 2003, the state bank of Pakistan SBP introduce the Islamic banking department with the vision of to promote and regulate Islamic banking industry in line with best international practices ensuring shariah compliances and transpar ency and with the aim of making Islamic banking the first preference for the 15 providers and users of financial services. In January 2002, Meezan bank Limited was granted first ISLAMIC BANKING LICENSE by the State bank of Pakistan. Their major task is to promote and develop the shariah compliant Islamic banking as a compatible banking system in the country. That organization is composed of three division: policy division, business support division and shariah compliance division. A shariah borad consists of experts to guide the Islamic banking industry is also in place at SBP. Prudential regulation, risk management , corporate governance and accounting shariah standards etc.. are the major areas SBP is working on to regulate and supervise the Islamic banking sector. Presently, Islamic banking sector is working under the existing laws. Currently there are six full-fleged Islamic banks operationg in Pakistan. These banks with their year of incorporation are: Bankislami P akistan limited (2003) Albaraka Islamic bank Pakistan (1991) Dubai Islamic bank Pakistan limited(2005) Meezan bank limited (2002- restricted as Islamic bank) Emirates global Islamic bank limited (2007) Dawood Islamic bank limited (2007) Among the banks listed above. ALBARAKA Islamic bank is the only foreign bank working in Pakistan, while meezan bank has the honor of being the first domestic commercial bank offered full fleged Islamic banking license by SBP in januray 2002. However in the overall banking system the market share of Islamic banking assets rise up to 4.3% as of December 31, 2007 compared with 3.0% in preceding year. Islamic banking deposits, financing and investment stood at 4.1%, 4.3% and 2.6% respectively as compared to 2.7%. 2.88% and 0.94% a year earlier. Year on year (yoy) growth for total assets, deposits and financing and investment was 75%, 78%, 91% respectively. Branch network during the same period reached 289 from 150 branches, showing 9 3% increase in year 2007.its expected that by the end of this financial year the share of assets of Islamic banking to overall industry widd cross 5.0%. we can say that Islamic banking industry is growing with good signs of financial inculsion. Meezan bank is leading all the Islamic banks while among the IBDS of conventional banks, bank alfalah is on the top. GROWTH OF ISLAMIC BAKNING ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦. RATIOS ANALYSIS The study is intended to be a comparative financial performance of Islamic banking in comparison with conservative banking in Pakistan. Basically the comparison is between the Meezan bank limited (Islamic bank), with the recital of five conventional banks.In todays world where there is a great spirited financial market, one can justly understand the banks performance in any regard by the analysis of the inter banks comparison. Therefore in this study the balance sheets and income statements for two set of banks have been considered and the data is collected and compiled from it. Inter-bank analysis is one of the best types to be used while doing a study on banks. There have been many ways and methods by different financial theorists to measure the banks performances more accurately. However the ratios have proven to show more precise results and they are therefore more vastly and commonly used for the analysis. For instance, many of the bank regulatorss (Sabbi 1996), (Spindler -1991) have been using different ratios. For this study, in order to analyze how the Islamic banks perform in accordance with the other set of five conventional banks, the ratios method is to be used. For a detailed study, 12 financial performance ratios have been considered. For convenience these ratios have been divided into their main categories as follows: MAKE A TABLE 1) Profitability ratios 2) Liquidity ratios 3) Risk and solvency ratios 4) Efficiency ratios. There are five conventional banks to be compared with one Islamic bank so for that reason first ratio of each conventional bank is calculated, and after that the ratios of all the banks are averaged. And in end they are compared with the ratio of the Islamic bank in each individual year. PROFITIBILTY RATIOS: The ratios which are meant to give the most accurate results about the performance of a bank are the performance ratios. Usually if they are high in accordance with the previous ratios, the previous year, the banks in competition and the industry, they reflect betterment in performance of the bank in the related period. More often the profit is the difference of the revenues and expenses and this is the most crucial aspect for any firm to analyze. These ratios help in calculating the profits while keeping in mind the entire cost including income taxes, shareholders equity, and other expenses. To study the comparison of two banks, in the profitability ratio, following criteria is used: Return on assets (ROA), Return on equity (ROE) and profit expense ratio (PER). Return on assets (ROA): Return on assets indicates the profitability on the assets of the firm after all expenses and taxes (van Horne 2005).it is all about how well can banks convert all of its assets into a handsome amount of earnings. It is a common measure of managerial performance (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe 2005).Higher ratio generally shows the better performance and how good the firm has made use of its assets however the lower ratio indicates the poor performance and the low rate of converting the assets into earnings. There are ways of increasing the rate on assets by either increasing the turnover rate or the margin but the few limitations makes it a bit troublesome. One is the tradeoff between the margin and the turn over and the second reason is the great competition. It is however calculated as: ROA = net profit after tax / total assets Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean S.D Islamic Bank 1.93% 1.14% 1.37% 1.30% 1.43% 1.49% 1.50% 1.49% 0.00296 Conventional Bank 2.18% 1.35% 1.59% 1.47% 1.38% 1.6% 1.58% 1.59% 0.0034 ROA decreased to 1.14%, from 1.93%, and to 2.18% from 1.35% during 2003-2004 for Islamic and conservative banks, respectively. Decline in ROA in 2003-04, conservative banks recovered it in 2004-2005.But the recovery was temporary. Since 2005, conventional banks ROA have constantly decreased. ROA of Islamic bank has been fluctuating as it increased in 2004-05, from 1.14% to 1.37%, but decreased to 1.30% in 2006 and in 2007, it was 1.43% with 0.13% increase. Lately, in 2008 and 2009, trends have remained rather constant. ROA on an average of conventional banks is 1.59% that is higher than average of Islamic banks ROA i.e. 1.49%. 2008 Islamic and conventional banks financial results revealed whether R OA of conservative banks will keep on declining and whether ROA will increase or decrease of Islamic banks. Nevertheless, Pakistans banking sector is growing but by looking at the 4years trend of ROA both kind of banking has been facing the problem with profitability. Return on equity (ROE): This ratio shows the prosperity to shareholders after all the taxes and expenses of the firm. Moreover ROE is net earnings per dollar equity capital (Samad and Hassan 2000). It basically signifies the managerial efficiency. Higher return on assets and debt can be the reasons for the higher rate of return on equity. ROE is always increased by the financial leverage and it is where it differentiates ROE with ROA.Studies have shown that high growth companies have higher ROE. It is thus calculated as: ROE = net profit after tax / shareholders equity TABLE ROE 2003-2009 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean SD Islamic Bank 12.23% 10.69% 13.87% 12.69% 16.88% 16.95% 16.05 14.19% 0.02317 Conventional Bank 29.83% 21.04% 23.60% 19.95% 19.38 % 19.0% 18.35 21.64% 0.04217 The study of ROE of conservative and Islamic banks gives some important points to consider. In 2003-2007 The ROE of conservative banks is higher than that of the Islamic banks. In 2003, difference was large that decreased during 2004-2007. The difference is 17.6% in 2003, this in 2007 has been plummeted to 2.5%. This huge decrease in two ROEs is mostly due to Islamic banks overall trend that is increasing ROE and decrease in conventional banks ROE. This all has given us an important insight. Islamic banks ROE followed conventional banks in terms of decrease and increase during 2003-07. Where as in the years when there is increase in the ROE of the banks, the increase in the ROE of Islamic ban ks is more than that of the conventional bank (Islamic banks have 30% increase as compared to conventional banks 12% increase in 2003-05), and Islamic banks decrease in ROE has been less than decrease in ROE of conventional banks (Islamic bank has decrease of 8.5% as compared to conventional banks 15% decrease in 2005-06). Islamic banks ROE in 2003 was 12.23% and it increased to 16.05% in 2009. On the other hand, ROE of conventional banks was 29.83% in 2003, decreasing to18.35% in 2009. Financial statements analysis of Islamic banks have shown that overall profits are increased more than Islamic banks equity base that resulted in ROE to increase over time. On the other hand, the group of 5 conventional banks, their equity base increased but their profits base decreased which was the main reason for overall decrease in ROE from 2003-09. Profit to Expense Ratio: This ratio shows the degree to which the firm is efficient in the operating activities. A higher PER means bank is cost efficient and is making higher profits (Samad and Hassan 2000).it is calculated as: PER = profit before tax/ operating expense Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean SD Islamic Bank 0.94% 0.57% 0.88% 0.76% 0.72% 0.76% 0.72% 0.76% 0.155306 Conventional Bank 1.91% 1.30% 1.48% 1.20% 0.82 % 0.81% 0.74% 1.18 % 0.39873 PER is showing that conservative banks are more profitable than Islamic banks in terms of expenses in 2003-09. The study indicates that conservative banks have been generating higher profits consistently for every rupee of expense spent during 2003-09 but with a decreasing trend as compare to Islamic banks. There was decrease in 2003-04 but conventional banks PER increased in 2005, but after that it has been decreasing without any rise. Conventional banks had PER of 1.91 in 2003 but it decreased by 65% and came down to 0.74 in 2009.Conventional banks this decrease is much more deep than of Islamic banks that happened during the same period. In 2007 Islamic bank PER decreased to 0.72 from 0.94 in 2 003 which makes it 20% decrease. Further financial statements of the 5 conventional banks were analyzed which included the study that revealed the fact that conventional banks have increased expenses during 2005-09, However, for few other banks there was not such increase in the profit and even for some it decreased, which resulted in the decrease of PER for conventional banks. LIQUIDITY RATIOS: The liquidity ratio shows the firms capacity to convene persistent financial responsibility and obligation. Liquidity is important for the firm to avoid defaulting on its financial obligations and, thus, to avoid experiencing financial distress (Ross, Westerfield, Jeff 2005).It greatly helps the firm to judge its short term obligations, measures its ability in terms of collecting the receivables and also the ways to maintain the cash. Lower liquidity ratio means that the firm has a great capacity to recover its short term obligations and that it has a good range of margin with respect to the safety of the firm. Banks can get into the liquidity problem especially when withdrawal exceeds new deposit significantly over a short period of time (Samad and Hassan 2000).liquidity has certain measures. Following are they: Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Cash and Portfolio Investment to Deposit Ratio (CPID), and Loan to Asset Ratio (LAR). Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR): This ratio being the most important clarifies the overall liquidity condition of the firm. In Islamic banking system the word loan is used differently and in other set of banks with different meaning. They are considered finances for the Islamic banks and the conventional banks use it as advances. The reason for this is the disallowing of using the loans by Islamic system that is (riba).they are also strict in following the Islamic principles. The only way left is however to endow with finances by diverse Islamic financial products. Excessive liquidity, potentially lower profits and the less risk involved are well considered when the LDR is low as compared to other banks that has a higher LDR. So the higher LDR indicates a negative picture of the firm, to have more risk as a result of which the bank may have to sell out few or many loans at a great loss. This ratio is calculated as: LDR = loan / deposits Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean S.D Islamic Bank 95.36% 89.61% 86.7% 78.47% 63.35% 62.24% 55.16% 75.80% 0.12413 Conventional Bank 73.85% 76.66% 69.9% 76.44% 70.89% 65.23% 64.25% 71.03% 0.03103 High loan to deposit ratio for Islamic bank compared with conventional banks during 2003-2006 indicates that Islamic bank has been comparatively less liquid. However, in 2007, Islamic bank LDR (63.35%) decreased below conventional banks (70.89%) turning Islamic bank into comparatively better liquidity position. LDR of Islamic bank decreased from 95.36% in 2003 to 63.35% in 2007. This overall declining trend in LDR of Islamic bank indicates the tendency of comparatively more increase in deposits than loans (financings) and further emphasizes improved liquidity position of Islamic bank. Compared with Islamic bank, LDR of conventional banks has been reasonably lower and floating between approximately 70% and 77%. Conventional bank LDR was 73.85% in 2003 which decreased to 70.89% in 2007. Although Mean LDR of Islamic bank 82.70% is higher than Mean LDR of conventional banks 73.55% but statistically there is no difference between the two means at 5% level of significance.

The Slave Trade By Olaudah Equiano Essay - 1350 Words

Widely admired for its vivid descriptions of the slave trade, Olaudah Equiano s autobiography reveals many aspects of the eighteenth-century Western world through the experiences of one individual. Throughout the narrative, Equiano -- a man defined by his abilities and usefulness, not by his skin color -- demonstrates the foundations for America’s role in the world and how his experience became a global story. From the west coast of Africa to the east coast of America, Equiano encounters a different culture in which he was able to develop his own sense of identity. In this Narrative, Equiano goes through a cultural change by learning the English language, meeting new people from different places, and experiencing different cultures and beliefs. Through the eyes of Equiano, the slave trade was in all its brutality of being physically abused and treated unfairly. In the early stages of Equiano’s life, Europeans kidnapped him and sold him into slavery. 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Disruptive And Aggressive Behavior Is A Common Problem...

Disruptive and aggressive behavior is a common problem within the field of autism. Professionals receive training in how to manage these behaviors utilizing many different methodologies based on Applied Behavior Analysis as well as attending trainings in Professional Assault Crisis Training. The family directly involved with the child with autism relies on the professional to provide intervention and instruction with very little knowledge of the methods being utilized to treat their child. Although, some families become proactive in their child s treatment, others disengage. It is suspected the potential for disengagement is heightened due to a lack of knowledge of both the methods being utilized and autism, how to utilize behavior†¦show more content†¦Disruptive behaviors are often seen in the way of kicking, biting, hitting, and throwing objects, which can result in injury to the child, parent, and increase parental stress level which can cause increased behavior probl ems. In a study of 1380 children with ASD, performed by Kanne Mazurek (2010), the researchers found 56% of the children engaged in aggressive behaviors towards their caregivers while only 32% engaged in aggression towards people other than their caregivers. Additionally, 68% had a history of behaving aggressively toward caregivers and 49% towards others (Kanne Mazurek, 2010). Given the frequency of behaviors demonstrated, paired with the rate at which autism is being diagnosed, the necessity for parents to be trained in appropriate intervention techniques is essential. A similar study, which sought to show training parents in behavior management methods as more useful than simply educating them about autism performed by Bearss, K., Johnson, C., Smith, T., Lecavalier, L., Swiezy, N., Aman, M., †¦ Scahill, L. (2015), showed a higher rate of improvement in those whose parents attended the training; however, improvements failed to yield results that could be determined to be s tatistically significant. Through the inclusion of only children who were enrolled in school, English speaking, and predominantly male, it leaves room for further investigation. At 24 weeks the behaviors decreased, as reported by parents, 47.7%

The Effects of Eli Whitney on America free essay sample

Eli Whitney’s invention of the Cotton Gin helped bring prosperity to the South, expand slavery, and lead to a civil war. Eli also is credited for popularizing the idea of mass production and interchangeable parts. All of Eli Whitney’s ideas changed the entire country and played a significant role in the history. Eli Whitney was born in Massachusetts in 1765. Eli worked in his father’s nail shop as a teenager. Eli Whitney attended Yale College and graduated in 1792. Eli after college ended up in Georgia on Mrs. Greene’s plantation. Mrs. Greene had offered Eli the opportunity to read law while helping on the plantation. While on the plantation Whitney soon realized the need for a faster way to pick cotton. Whitney came up with the cotton gin in 1793. The cotton â€Å"gin† (gin short for engine) was a simple automated machine that separated cotton seeds from cotton fiber. The cotton gin was made of wooden cylinders surrounded by spikes that pulled the cotton threw combing out the seeds. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Eli Whitney on America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This giant mechanical comb-like machine was capable of collecting up to fifty pounds of cotton a day. The task for removing cotton prior to the Cotton Gin was a full day of hard work. Slaves would have to use their hand to remove and clean each individual seed from the cotton. This process used a considerable amount of labor and was a slow process. Whitney’s invention could do this task up to ten times faster than a slave. Whitney applied for the patent to his great product in late 1793 but was not granted it until early 1794. This delay would cause Eli Whitney to have trouble proving it was his original idea. The cotton gin was easily imitated by others due to its simplicity. Eli spent the money he earned from his cotton gin on legal fees and was not awarded the patent exclusively until years later. In the later 1700s the Southern States economy was agriculturally based. They used different â€Å"cash crops† such as: rice, tobacco, and cotton to make a profit. The effects of the cotton gin caused cotton to become the South’s main cash crop. The Southern States economy was tremendously boosted. In 1830 there were 750,000 bales of cotton produced. In 1850 the number of bales rose to 2. 85 million bales due to the cotton gin. Many people believed the cotton gin would cause a reduction in slave labor. The cotton gin had the opposite effect and planters wanted to increase the amount of cotton planted and picked which required more slaves. In 1850 there were 3. 2 million slaves which was a dramatic increase from in 1790 when there were around 700,000. By 1860 the â€Å"King Cotton† harvested in the South made up two -thirds of the world’s cotton production. The invention of the cotton gin not only caused Southern States to rely even more on agricultural products but also expanded slavery. Slavery was already the sectional difference between the North and South. This great expansion of slavery is what led to the American Civil War. In the late eighteenth century Eli Whitney was extremely low on money due to his cotton gin invention. Due to the simplicity of his cotton gin, Whitney’s design was easily imitated. Whitney had tried to patent his product but he failed and lost all his money in legal fees. Being almost bankrupt Whitney accepted a weapons contract from the United States War Department in 1798. There had been a war scare with France and the U. S. realized the need for weapons and started contracting. Eli Whitney was to make 10,000 to 15,000 muskets by 1800. He had never made a musket in his life. Whitney learned the trade and began manufacturing. Whitney was supposed to deliver the arms in one year but it took him eight years. Eli used countless excuses and charades to buy more time with the government. Whitney used the idea of interchangeable parts with his muskets. He amazed the government with his interchangeable parts idea. He did not create the idea although he is often credited with it. Whitney did play an important role in popularizing mass production and interchangeable parts. This system of interchangeable parts played a big role in Northern States. The North was comprised of factories and manufacturing companies. Interchangeable parts made these factories more efficient and productive. This significantly helped boost the economy of Northern States for years to come and has impacted how we manufacture things to this day. Eli Whitney passed away shortly after turning 59. Eli Whitney was an ingenious inventor who had a huge impact on our Nation’s history. Eli helped the South and their economy. Eli’s cotton gin led to an increase in slavery which later helped spark a civil war. Eli Whitney also changed the way the North with interchangeable parts. This technology gave the North the upper hand with better weaponry. Eli Whitney’s invention helped the South’s economy flourish but he also helped the North defeat the South in the American civil war he had a part in starting.

Theatre Review Mamma Mia free essay sample

First one is to add up more feature to the stage plan, play content, etc†¦ simply by adding up something new to discover to the audience. The other one is to perform a new reviewed scenario with more visual content. We have decided that fisrt solution is much more appropriate for this masterpiece. Rather reviewing the whole scenario and corrupt its origins, adding up some small but modern details, like integration of the play with augmented reality and social media will be a very good idea. If Mamma Mia can enable an online experience of Mamma Mia during the play it would receive much more attention than the original version. Since the attention is considered as the new curreny, these increased attention rates will result in as an increase in the cash flow. IF think about a performance play while you can actually interact with the play real-time that would be the next level for entertainment and stage performance industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Theatre Review: Mamma Mia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the help of hashtags and QR codes audience can experience more about the play, a counter argument may be put on this measure of change like what if the new adaptations will ruin the uniqueness of the play. This could be right to some extent but offering something new to the audience is mostly perceived as an update, something more advanced by the people. Enhancing the play with various utilities of modern technology or a screenplay it can enrich the whole experience of Mamma Mia Mama Mia Case Questions 1. Can the performing arts be considered â€Å"an industry†? WE can say that its an emerging industry all exclusive for 1st world countires due to importance given to art amp; entertainment rather than stability of economy. It is not hard to see that this is becoming an industry slowly and gradually in the United States of America. We can definitely say that they are creating a momentum in the sub-categories of daily consumption.. People who came to see the shows spend their money on activities, local products, services, and employees, etc†¦ these momentum created by viewers also creates a cash flow within its range. In USA where performing arts are spread widely and happens on a large scale and therefore ends up contributing a whole lot to the overall economy. According to the Broadway statistics it is estimated as per the years 2006-2012 that the estimated direct spending, indirect spending and related audience spending in total amounts to be more than 1 billion dollars per year, which happens to be a huge amount in this industry.. Even Mama Mia ended up brining a large sum of million dollars since 2003, contributing to the economy. ttp://broadwayworld. com/grossesshowenlarge. cfm? show=MAMMA-MIA! In conclusion we can say that its still premature to call that as an industry however there are a lot of potential, as resulted from statistics its growing and reaching huge numbers not just only revenue scale but also the magnifiying effect of side-expenditures, created job opportunities, promised increase of audience life quality and maybe the more important aspect. Inspiration created by these mast erpieces to posterity of society. 2. From an entrepreneurship perspective, highlight the issues that must be considered when dealing with creations in the performing arts that have cultural or classical roots. The most important issue of the cultural root is the audiovisual content of the show. The story and the songs must be familiar to the culture of the audience of the region where the show is first debuted. However, it is not likely to success in the industry by only considering cultural requirements of the show since art is still art and it is widely criticized about its artistic value. There should be a perfect balance between what the audience can find familiar to their lives in the show and what takes artists breath away in details and in the framework. Also from an entrepreneur’s perpective there are some key indicators that should not be forgotten, evaluation of different alternatives while only the one having potential is further finalized ,does not always mean the results of natural selection is succesfull. An entrepreneur must watch over whole process from beginning concept stage to commercialization. , he must constantly evaluate the idea throughout the processes to successfully finalize the project. Fresh ideas are the hardest ones to evaluate on their value so first challenge is this one to cope up with the newness of the idea, thinking like an entrepreneur is no easy task. 3. Are there special conditions or conflicts of interest, which apply, in the quasi-public sector of the performing arts to businesses such as Mamma Mia? Yes there are actually there are numerous conflicts of interests between a quasi-public sector of performing arts and a regular business, as a quasi-public sector which is backed by the government causes different margin rates than the regular business since they are not strict as regular business element of retention rate is higher and much more flexible. The first conflict arises from distribution of benefits, for quasi-public organizations which is the cost of provision of goods is not proportional to the number of people who benefit from it, as it is typical in the regular business. The more the cost is involved by means of investment, the more is value added in the product and therefore it can reach more people. However, its not like when an organization is backed up by the government. as they have a mandated activities to be performed by a particular number of people which they can afford as they are backed by the government. On the contrary in regular business, people who did not pay for the good are being excluded from the provision of goods or services which is not the case in government based products or services, since they have regulated and mandated activities and audience. As we can conclude from this , the quasi-public organization or activities have a advantage over the regular business activities due to the backing of government in case of any kind of crisis or unexpected situation. Slight losses are easily recovered by the services as opposed by annual funding which regular businesses cannot support these situations so in case of a loss this may take up to years to recover properly. 4. What do you think of the Mamma Mia! Show? Is it entrepreneurship? Definitely. The â€Å"Mamma Mia! show is considered nothing new but the story of it reveals a great success of a determined entrepreneur. The show comes to life as a result of the hard work of Judy Cramer who for a decade pursued her dream to come true. Years of development and carefully selected staff made nothing new into something huge. It is not undone, yes, but entrepreneurship cannot be considered as a concept where at the something new has been done. Accomplishing something marvelous from and o ld idea is a typically not fit for the definition of entretpreurship however the idea itself is a way of entrepreneurship. Only this kind of way of thinking can redefine old tastes and turn them into something new to experience. Conclusion: Developing amazing ideas does not mean that they had to be brand new ideas. Some amazing projects such as Mamma Mia is a combination of quality and new tech, only an entrepreneur can combine the past with present. It is one of the most successful plays of the world and a lot people making a living out of it so stage performances can be considered as an industry up to some extent

Green Revolution Essay Example

Green Revolution Essay Example Green Revolution Essay Green Revolution Essay The success of industrialization in the world has led to environmental issues through the world. As the 21st century begins, many nations are trying to deal with with the environmental effects of industrialization. Therefore began the green revolution, an attempt to change and if not change at least make progress. Starting in the early 19th Century the United States underwent an industrial revolution. The work that many people did changed as they moved from farms and small workshops into larger factories. They tended to buy things in stores, rather than make them at home or trade with their neighbors. They used machines, and purchased the products of machines, more than they ever had. The small-scale centers of textile production discussed in Unit 1 lasted well into the 19th century. But the manufacture of textiles began to change dramatically, starting as early as the sasss, as these traditional sources were first Joined, and then replaced, by a new material, a new kind of agriculture, and a new kind of factory. : The material processed changed, from linen and wool to cotton; the way that cotton was grown and prepared changed, with the invention of the cotton gin and the reinvention of the plantation; ewe machines, invented to process the cotton, found a new setting in larger and more complex factories. Together, these changes added up to an industrial revolution. This textile revolution did not happen everywhere in the United States at the same time, and its effects were quite different in different areas. Perhaps the largest change came in the South, where the new demand for cotton was supplied by plantations based on slave labor and mechanized processing of the cotton by the cotton gin. (Gin is short for engine. ) The Northeastern United States changed aromatically as home spinning and weaving, and small-scale carding and filling mills gave way to large integrated mills where a new kind of worker used new machines to produce cotton cloth on a scale previously unimagined. Smaller mills remained, and would remain for the rest of the century, but for the most part, only in areas of low population far from the commercial markets of the Northeast. This account of the American Industrial Revolution is different from the usual one found in textbooks. Many textbooks claim, for example, that the Industrial Revolution did not occur until he end of the 19th century, with the coming of massive steel mills and the end of small-scale production. And they omit the mechanization and reorganization of Southern plantations, on the grounds that agricultural production is not part of the history of industry. While this traditional story is not wrong, it leaves out an important part of the story. Let also leaves out many people who participated in and whose lives were changed by industrialization. To focus on factories, which have traditionally employed native white and immigrant workers, and from which African Americans ere kept by racial prejudice, leaves out a large group whose story is a key element of American history. Slaves produced the cotton that made possible Northern factories, a piece of history often slighted in favor of stories about those factories. In this curriculum we have widened our point of view to include Southern cotton production as part of textile history. So slavery, and later sharecropping, becomes an of the history of technology; and technology becomes part of African American history. Such an inclusion view should help students of color imagine themselves s people who, like their ancestors, use and control technology. Based on an ancient technology, the introduction of the saw gin at the end of the 18th century changed the nature of American cotton cultivation. Developed Just as the world-wide demand for raw cotton was skyrocketing because of the expansion of textile mills in Britain and the United States, the machine removed the principal bottleneck to cotton production. Even the early machines allowed one person to clean the seeds from fifty pounds of green-seed cotton in one day. Soon cotton became the most important market crop in the South. Production went from 3,000 bales in 1790 to 1 million bales in 1835. With the opportunity to make a good profit from cotton came dramatic changes in Southern agriculture: increased size of plantations, and to work them, increased numbers of slaves. African slaves had been used in Southern agriculture almost from the beginning of European settlement. Tobacco planters had used slaves since the 17th century; slaves were critical to the rice cultivation that developed in the 18th century. Plantations, large farms using slave labor to grow a single crop, were created to make a profit for the owners before technology made cotton a cash rope and before slavery was the only labor system. But plantations were adapted to produce cotton in the 19th century and by then many of them employed only slaves. Planters became wealthy by exploiting the labor of Africans in America, men and women who could not choose another way of life. The growth of cotton as a cash crop in the 19th century meant the growth of slavery throughout the South. Slavery, which had been in decline, became an integral part of the new agriculture. It might seem odd that a new labor-saving machine like the cotton gin meant an increase in the size of the labor force. But the lower price meant an enormous increase in cotton production, and even with the cotton gin, cotton production still required an enormous amount of labor. Cotton demanded large plantations; it made money only when plantation owners could put more workers in the field. From an investors point of view, slaves were a capital investment, comparable to the machinery a northern factory owner might purchase. Many nations throughout the world have to deal with the effects of industrialization. This problem goes back all the way to the Industrial Revolution that started in the mid-sass in England. As a result, these countries are now trying to find ways to resolve these problems. New organizations and countries are working to resolve these problems, such as the Greenback, the United Nations, and the ROI Conference. The Industrial Revolution was the time of change from making goods in the home to making them in a factory. These factories led to an increase of pollution. Industrialization causes many problems in todays nations. Some of these problems include air pollution, water pollution, land pollution, global warming, and the destruction of forests and forest life. Air pollution is event in highly industrialized countries. Industrialized is a term that means producing many goods, usually in factories. The smoke giving off these factories include high amounts of CO and carbon emissions. Countries that are highly industrialized are putting out six times the amount of CO gas developing, non-industrialized countries. This CO gas is harming the environment and ruining the ozone layer. The rate of carbon emission the amount in highly industrialized countries by the year 2020. Most of these gases are formed in industrial cities. Factory smokestacks and car exhaust pipes put these out. When countries do not have the natural resources for farming and food they build up their cities so they have a means of production. Japan is one such country. Because it lacks fertile soil for growing crops it relies on industry to get the products it needs. She has to trade manufactured goods for food products. Cities such as Tokyo have become highly developed and crowded so they are having high amounts of air pollution. Air pollution contributes to smog and acid rain. The burning of fossil fuels and the destruction of forests are causing great problems including global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. The problems may eventually cause the destruction of the earth. The disposal of toxic chemicals in water are forming problems for underdeveloped countries who dont have purifying systems before they drink their water. The green trend resulted from the introduction of hybrid strains of wheat, rice, and corn and the adoption of modern agricultural technologies, including irrigation and heavy doses of chemical fertilizer. The Green Revolution was launched by research establishments in Mexico and the Philippines that were funded by the governments of those nations, international donor organizations, and he U. S. Government. Similar work is still being carried out by a network of institutes around the world. The Green Revolution was based on years of painstaking scientific research, but when it was deployed in the field, it yielded dramatic results, nearly doubling wheat production in a few years. The extra food produced by the Green Revolution is generally considered to have averted famine in India and Pakistan; it also allowed many developing countries to keep up with the population growth that many observers had expected would outstrip food production. The leader of a Mexican research term, U. S. Agronomist Norman Burglar, was instrumental in introducing the new wheat to India and Pakistan and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970. The key breakthrough in Mexico was the breeding of short-stemmed wheat that grew to lesser heights than other varieties. Whereas tall plants tend both to shade their neighbors from sunlight and topple over before harvesting, uniformly short stalks grow more evenly and are easier to harvest. The Mexican dwarf wheat was first released to farmers in 1961 and resulted in a doubling of the average yield. Burglar described the twenty years from 1944 to 1964 as the silent revolution that set the stage for the more dramatic Green Revolution to follow. Len the sass, many observers felt that widespread famine was inevitable in the developing world and that the population would surpass the means of food production, with disastrous results in countries such as India. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization calculated that 56 percent of the human race lived in countries with an average per-capita food supply of 2,200 calories per day or less, which is barely at pubescence level (cited by Mann, p. 038). Biologist Paul Earlier predicted in his 1968 bestseller The Population Bomb that hundreds of millions would starve to death in the sass and sass in spite of any crash programs embarked upon at the time he wrote his book (Earlier, p. X). In 1963, Just such a devastating famine had threatened India and Pakistan. Burglar went to the subcontinent to try to persuade governments to impo rt the new varieties of wheat. Not until 1965 was Burglar able to overcome hundreds of tons of seed to Jump-start production. The new plants caught on rapidly. By the 1969-1970 crop seasonabout the time Earlier was dismissing crash programs55 percent of the 35 million acres of wheat in Pakistan and 35 percent of Indians 35 million acres of wheat were sown with the Mexican dwarf varieties or varieties derived from them. New production technologies were also introduced, such as a greater reliance on chemical fertilizer and pesticides and the drilling of thousands of wells for controlled irrigation. Government policies that encouraged these new styles of production provided loans that helped farmers adopt it. Wheat reduction in Pakistan nearly doubled in five years, going from 4. Million tons in 1965 to 8. 4 million tons in 1970. India went from 12. 3 million tons of wheat in 1965 to 20 million tons in 1970. Both nations were self-sufficient in cereal production by 1974. As important as the wheat program was, however, rice remains the worlds most important food crop, providing 35-80 percent of the calories consumed by people in Asia. The Inter national Rice Research Institute in the Philippines was founded in 1960 and was funded by the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations, the government of the Philippines, and the U. S. Agency for International Development. This organization was to do for rice what the Mexican program had done for wheat. Scientists addressed the problem of intermittent flooding of rice paddies by developing strains of rice that would thrive even when submerged in three feet of water. The new varieties produced five times as much rice as the traditional departed varieties and opened flood-prone land to rice cultivation. Other varieties were dwarf (for the same reasons as the wheat), or more disease-resistant, or more suited to tropical climates. Scientists crossed thirty-eight different breeds of rice to rate AIR, which doubled yields and became known as miracle rice. AIR served as the catalyst for what became known as the Green Revolution. By the end of the twentieth century, more than 60 percent of the worlds rice fields were planted with varieties developed by research institutes and related developers. A pest-resistant variety known as IR was planted on nearly 28 million acres, a record amount for a single food-plant variety. In addition to Mexico, Pakistan, India, and the Philippines, countries benefiting from the Green Revolution included Afghanistan, Sir Lankan, China, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Malay, Morocco, Thailand, Tunisia, and Turkey. The Green Revolution contributed to the overall economic growth of these nations by increasing the incomes of farmers (who were then able to afford tractors and other modern equipment), the use of electrical energy, and consumer goods, thus increasing the pace and volume of trade and commerce. As successful as the Green Revolution was, the wholesale transfer of technology to the developing world had its critics. Some objected to the use of chemical fertilizer, which augmented or replaced animal manure or mineral fertilizer. Others objected to the use of pesticides, some of which are believed to be persistent in the environment. The use of irrigation was also criticized, as it often required drilling wells and tapping underground water sources, as was the encouragement of farming in areas formerly considered marginal, such as flood-prone regions in Bangladesh. The very fact that the new crop varieties were developed with foreign support caused some critics to label the entire program imperialistic. Critics also argued that the Green Revolution primarily benefited large equipment, and that it helped displace poorer farmers from the land, driving them into urban slums. Critics also pointed out that the heavy use of fertilizer and irrigation causes long-term degradation of the soil. The success of the Green Revolution also depended on the fact that many of the host countriessuch as Mexico, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Chinahad relatively stable governments and fairly well-developed infrastructures. These factors permitted these countries to diffuse both the new seeds and technology and to bring the products to market in an effective manner. The challenges were far more difficult in places such as Africa, where governments were unstable and roads and water resources were less developed. For example, in mid-sass Mystique, improved corn grew well in the northern part of the country, but civil unrest and an inadequate transportation system left much of the harvest to rot. According to the report by David Gayety, with the exception of a few countries such as Kenya, where corn yields quadrupled in the sass, Africa benefited far less from the Green Revolution than Asian countries and is still threatened periodically with famine. The Green Revolution could not have been launched without the scientific work done at the research institutes in Mexico and the Philippines. The two original institutes have given rise to an international network of research establishments dedicated to agricultural improvement, technology transfer, and the development of agricultural resources, including trained personnel, in the developing countries. A total of sixteen autonomous centers form the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CIGAR), which operates under the direction of the World Bank. These centers address issues concerning tropical agriculture, dry-area farming, corn, potatoes, wheat, rice, livestock, forestry, and aquatic resources, among others. Future advances in agricultural productivity depend on the development of new varieties of plants such as sorghum and millet, which are mainstays in African countries and other less-developed areas, and on the introduction of appropriate agricultural technology. This will probably include biotechnologythe genetic alteration of food plants to give them desirable characteristics. For example, farmers in Africa are plagued by hardy, invasive weeds that can quickly overrun a cultivated plot and compel the farmer to abandon it and move on to virgin land. If the plot were planted with corn, soybeans, or other crops that are genetically altered to resist herbicide, then the farmer could more easily control the weeds and harvest a successful crop. Scientists are also developing a genetically modified strain of rice fortified with vitamin A that is intended to help ward off blindness in children, which will be especially useful in developing countries.

Mary Parker Folletts strategy as practice and leadership Essay

Mary Parker Folletts strategy as practice and leadership - Essay Example Micromanagement and establishing rigorous control systems to ensure performance were also part of the scientific management approach which led to conflict between management and employees (Mullins 2004). Follett was indicating that management involves acknowledgement of a variety of factors pertaining to worker characteristics that are inclusive of psychological needs and motivations and the sociological condition, thus defying scientific management’s effectiveness. Follett was attempting to illustrate that in order to create functional strategy and improve organisational performance, managers must develop leadership traits, avoiding the process of over-managing workers and instead seeking followership rather than command and control systems. This management philosopher, quite ahead of her time, saw organisations as complex organisms that required interaction between disparate manager and employee personalities and differing psychological tendencies in order to maximise employ ee productivity and commitment. This essay performs a critical appraisal of Mary Parker Follett’s assessment of the organisation, in order to outperform competition focusing specifically on the concepts of organisational complexity, the structure and purpose of complex adaptive systems, the impact of Follett’s viewpoint on leadership obligations and compares this to the practice perspective in real-world organisations. Based on the research on contemporary strategic management. (Mullins 2004).

Problem list Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problem list - Assignment Example 17). Unfavorable material price variance is majorly caused by the purchase of better quality and expensive raw materials than the budgeted ones, damage of materials after arrival requiring an urgent reorder on a rush basis. All these factors work to raise the price of raw materials causing an unfavorable price variance. The individuals who should be held responsible for unfavorable material price variance is the purchase manager since he is the one having control over price paid for goods and any other price variations. Unfavorable labor efficiency variance on the other hand is caused by poor quality of raw materials, poorly trained workers, faulty equipments, poor supervision of workers, and poorly motivated workers among others. The person responsible for labor efficiency variance is the production manager, production manager in case he orders the purchase of poor materials and the work center managers responsible for workers in the various departments. Ethical principles of confidentiality and integrity require that employees of the organization should act in the utmost benefit of the company’s interest. In addition the management accountants of any organization are required to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct in their duties. In this respect they should not use any information about their company for their selfish gain, since confidentiality principle requires them not to disclose any confidential information they have acquired from the company in the course of their work with them. Being Tastee Fruit Company’s Accountant, Adams is exposed to some vital information about the company for example the prices in which it buys its raw materials. By the fact he disclosed this information to his friend; Adams has appeared to and has used the confidential information about the company for an unethical advantage of his friend, a third party to the organization. In addition, if he were to suggest a cheaper supply of

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay Example for Free

Occupational Safety and Health Administration Essay

U.S. and Russian Relations After the Defeat of the USSR Essay -- essay

US and Russia relations after the defeat of the USSR: The end of Cold War brought new challenges to Russian life, economy and politics. Actually, the post-Cold War period opened the new opportunities for Russia. Democracy made its first steps in the country. After seventy years of communism Russian people finally got a chance to live how the want, to say what they want and to do what they want. People got a chance to choose their own leader, to vote for the Congress members. And it was very confusing for the country. Russia needed somebody to come out and help in this critical situation. Probably, the first country to do that was the United States. Russians "needed and wanted effective advise and technical help from the United States" (Pickering 102). And the most amazing thing was that the United States didn't mind and, actually, wanted to help Russia. But why? Why the United States wanted to help Russians? And I think the answer to that is very simple: the United States realized that America and Russia must not think of each other as natural enemies, but must work together to make more peaceful world, even if they were ready to destroy each other not that long ago. United States needed Russia as a strong partner in the twenty first century. Russia went through many changes in its economy since the Russian Federation took over the Soviet Union. "An economy devoted almost entirely to the production of military goods was forced to begin to provide what its citizens demanded, not what its rulers ordered" (Pickering 100). But it wasn't that easy. Russian government appeared to be unexperienced in modernizing the economy. Most of the people in government came from the school of the Soviet Union, so they were unable to do anything without somebody's help. "... the United States provided Russia with massive augments of experience, delivered through government and private sector advisors as well as by bringing Russians in large numbers to the US for training and exchanges" (Pickering 102). But the help of the US wasn't just a gift; America had something they got out of the help they were providing in building the Russian economy. All big American companies went to the Russian market. "American firms are convinced of Russia's extraordinary potential as the market for US trade and as a host for investments" (Pickering 102). ... ...ometimes media writes about the United States as the country that wants to ruin Russia. "Americans who operate exchange programs and conduct research in Russia are concerned about a report attributed to a government agency there that characterized such US-sponsored activities as espionage" (Desruisseaux A44). I don't think that this is what Russians think. That is the opinion of those who had a good life during Communism. "Many Russians realize that the efforts represented by this supposed report are efforts to weaken and cripple Russia, and cut it off from the rest of the world" (Desruisseaux, A44). And this is exactly what Russians think. And I don't believe all those rumors about the next Cold War in the next century. Russia and United States have to work together to make the next century more peaceful then this one. Works Cited Desruisseaux, Paul "Report in Russia accuses US-backed programs of espionage." Chronicle of Higher Education 24 Januay 1995: A44 Pickering, Thomas A. "US - Russia relations." Vital Speeches of the Day 1 December 1994: 100-103 Zorpette, Glenn "Down the drain." Scientific American December 1996: 20, 24

Representative democracy Essay

Representative democracy is what we have in this country. We are seen by many other countries as one of the most well run countries in the world. Our system seems to run very well and there are many advantages of using the system we do. The principal is that the people are represented through their MP who is able to put the views of the constituent to parliament. On the other hand most politicians want to be successful. and this much easier if you follow the party line. The use of the whip system means that if there is a whip to the 1st degree then the Prime Minister expects you to vote the same way as him. If you do not, this may jeopardize your chances of getting up the opportunity ladder, as you are against the decision of the elected party leader. Another advantage of representative democracy is that the elected MP for a specific area will be aware of the problems, things that could be improved and the views of the constituents in that town/s. This means that peoples needs can be met to the highest level. A disadvantage to this would be that people may not get a chance to see their MP to express their beliefs so they may often feel like their views are unwanted and be annoyed with the government e.g. if someone sent a letter to their representing MP and did not get a response. Also, MP’s are spending more and more time in Westminster. This means they are often away and this is why they may be out of touch with their constituents. Some people believe along with the Conservative Party and Edmund Burke that the general public is not intelligent enough to make decisions for themselves, so we have a government made up of intellectually superior people to do it for us so we don’t get it wrong. But the majority of the people would argue that we are all equal and we should all have an equal say in all matters. After all, democracy is defined as â€Å"A form of government in which political power is exercised by the citizens†. Another argument for Representative democracy is that it is very practical and quick. Some people think that other kinds of democracy are more efficient like direct democracy because the whole country would vote on every issue and it would be very democratic. This is not always the case e.g. in Switzerland they have direct democracy and in every referendum held in the past year, less than 50% of those eligible to vote did so. Also the government does not have to go with what the majority of the people decide so some people may say that it is pointless. Some people may say that representative democracy is not very democratic because of many reasons e.g. the whip system. Page 2 Representative democracy allows MP’s to look at all of the factors and elements that would be affected if a new policy was introduced and make an informed decision on which way to vote. This means it is reliable and there are lots of people trying to find a problem with the policy and either amend it, or vote against it. A major flaw with this is that even though the MP is supposed to represent the views of his/her constituents not all of the peoples views may not get back to the MP so they do not have all of the factors to consider. This system where the people elect MP’s to vote in matters for them seems like a very fair system. However some people say that when examined closely the system demonstrates a range of flaws which can make it unfair and undemocratic. One of these is the fact that when a party is running for election, they bring out a manifesto. This is a small booklet of the main policies that that party wishes to bring in, and the main issues they wish to tackle. This sounds excellent, but the party does not have to feature policies they don’t want to on the manifesto. This means that a party could have policies that the public may not agree with and only bring them in after they have been elected. Another problem with this system is how representative parliament actually is.. The term â€Å"representative† means the people are represented. This  includes all people such as men, women, homosexuals and ethnic minorities. In the House of Lords and the House of Commons, this is not the case. The figures for women and ethnic minority population in the two houses are below. House of Commons: Ethnic minorities: 1.4% Women 19.6 House of Lords: Ethnic minorities: 1.5% Women: 18.3% These figures demonstrate that our representative system is not as democratic as it might first appear.. In conclusion, there are several advantages and disadvantages of Representative democracy, but I have looked over them many times and every time I have analyzed the figures, points and facts I found that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages so the system we use today may not be working at the level we would expect it to be run. Now the question that is asked should be is Representative Democracy the best political system for our country to use?

Essay Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison - 1341 Words

Ellison’s Powerful Battle Royal I felt a wave of irrational guilt and fear. My teeth chattered, my skin turned to goose flesh, my knees knocked. Yet I was strongly attracted and looked in spite of myself. Had the price of looking been blindness, I would have looked. (Ellison 939) These insightful words written by Ralph Ellison in the powerful short story Battle Royal, which later became the first chapter in the critically acclaimed novel Invisible Man, convey the repressed desires of the maligned African American spirit, in an age of oppression ruled by ignorance and fear. In Battle Royal Ellison utilizes remarkable powers of perception to deliver a shocking and thought-provoking dissertation on the†¦show more content†¦The narrator delivers a well-received discourse at his graduation, which he describes by saying, On my graduation day I delivered an oration in which I showed that humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. (Not that I believed this -- how could I, remembering my grandfather? -- I only believed that it worked) (Ellison 938). The acceptance of the narrators speech affords him the opportunity to address an assembly of prominent members of the white community, but first he must survive the Battle Royal, a boxing war in the ring against fellow African Americans. The Battle Royal is symbolic of the fight that many blacks wage against themselves to gain money, position, and prominence. The narrator is forced to participate in a battle against blacks before he speaks. This conflict illustrates a powerful tool used by the southern white man, by encouraging infighting, the African American community is kept from uniting, in unity, freedom could be gained. The narrator is an excellent speaker who remarks about his talent saying, In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as aShow MoreRelatedBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison963 Words   |  4 Pages Battle Royal Interpretive Essay Battle Royal is a short story that metaphorically address many such issues such as racial discrimination. The Author, Ralph Ellison, uses symbolism such as blindness and the concept of initiation to compare the world to a real life battlefield. Ellison intended to emphasize, both passive and aggressive elements of battle is necessary to achieve the American Dream. There is much symbolism used in the story. The protagonist’s grandfather is a symbol in himself.Read MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison989 Words   |  4 PagesIt is undeniable that the short story by Ralph Ellison entitled â€Å"Battle Royal† is an intense one. It would be hard to walk away from reading his story without feeling some kind of emotion whether it be pain, sadness, fear, anger, or all of the above. This story portrays a black man, the invisible man, in the time when racism is still running rampant. He uses symbolism many times in order to portray meaning and delve deep into the mind and emotions of the main character, a black man. In the storyRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison is a disturbing story about the conflicts between the black and white cultures and the main character and himself. In the story the conflicts between the two cultures had a definite impact on how the main ch aracter saw himself and caused the conflicts within himself. Battle Royal deals with racism and the suppression of the African American race and how it effected the actions of that culture. The main character of the story is an African AmericanRead MoreBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison969 Words   |  4 PagesThe struggles of many black is should never be described lightly. Many african americans were treated like animals and never was given the respected deserved. In the story, Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison, a young African American man is trying to fit into white society that holds majority of blacks back. During the beginning, the narrator is bewildered by his grandfather s last words. His grandfather spoke out about being a traitor in front of his family. The family was confused and concernedRead MoreBattle Royal By Ralph Ellison Analysis1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfactor though. Nobility has always looked down upon those without royal blood, and rich people have always looked d own upon poor people. These factors are all present in Battle Royal by Ralph Ellison. In order to highlight the virulent relationship between the white men and black men in Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison focuses on a separation of class by way of race, wealth, and social standing. Because of racism, the main character (Ellison) in the story, along with his fellow African Americans, are treatedRead MoreRalph Ellison s Battle Royal985 Words   |  4 PagesRalph Ellison’s â€Å"Battle Royal†, is nerving, historical, and suspenseful. Ralph Ellison describes the events about how the young narrator goes to a meeting of city men and thinks he would be giving the speech of a lifetime. Although he does get to give his speech at the end of the night, the narrator goes through hell to get what he would like to achieve. Ellison has the narrator go through what mirrors to be what the African-American community in the twentieth century is shaping to be. Through theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1383 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison Life is full of obstacles, but no matter what it is we must struggle for survival. In the short story â€Å"The Battle Royal† by Ralph Ellison, the narrator talks about the clash between the African-American and white and the segregation issues. It features a young black man who has recently graduated from high school, and he is invited to give a speech to a group white gathering. While delivering the speechRead MoreAnalysis Of Battle Royal By Ralph Ellison1508 Words   |  7 PagesUnrelenting Perseverance Ralph Ellison’s excerpt â€Å"Battle Royal† from his novel â€Å"Invisible Man† reveals the African American’s struggle for social equality. It was written during the Cold War and Civil Rights movement and made an impact in the literature world and won an award. Ellison never provides a name for the narrator who refers to himself as the invisible man. The story begins with the narrator’s grandfather on his death bed instructing on how to deal with white people. The narrator felt thisRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Battle Royal `` By Ralph Ellison1405 Words   |  6 Pagesleads people to misunderstand what segregation truly did. Karen and Barbara Fields are two sisters who wrote Racecraft together to discuss serious racial issues of the past, present, and future. These issues are present in â€Å"Battle Royal†, a short story written by Ralph Ellison. A major theme in this story is the differentiation of class. White men seem to live the life and are able to obtain whatever they desire; the black teenagers in the story are set up to brawl each other to entertain the whiteRead MoreEssay on Battle Royal, by Ralph Ellison728 Words   |  3 Pages Triumphing Over Challenges The story â€Å"Battle Royal†, by Ralph Ellison is about a young black man who has to overcome racial inequalities. The story opens with his grandfather dying words and leaving the family with words that stick with the main character for life. The main character, whose name in not mentioned, is very intelligent and because of this the prominent white businessmen ask him to give a speech at a hotel. Upon his arrival, the white men put him through many humiliating acts for